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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал физической химии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5537</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">700484</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034553725090094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STRUCTURE OF MATTER AND QUANTUM CHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОЕНИЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА И КВАНТОВАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ELECTRON IMPLICATIONS OF VALENT MOLECULAR ORBITALS IN THE POPULATION OF AnO<sub>2</sub> (An = Th – Lr) RELATIONSHIPS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВКЛАДЫ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ ВАЛЕНТНЫХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ОРБИТАЛЕЙ В ЗАСЕЛЕННОСТЬ СВЯЗЕЙ AnO<sub>2</sub> (An = Th – Lr)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Putkov</surname><given-names>A. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Путков</surname><given-names>А. Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teterin</surname><given-names>Yu. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тетерин</surname><given-names>Ю. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkov</surname><given-names>M. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжков</surname><given-names>М. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslakov</surname><given-names>K. I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслаков</surname><given-names>К. И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teterin</surname><given-names>A. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тетерин</surname><given-names>А. Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>antonxray@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>K. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>К. Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>S. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыков</surname><given-names>С. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>V. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>В. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр “Курчатовский институт”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химии твердого тела УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 99, NO9 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 99, №9 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1360</fpage><lpage>1367</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0044-4537/article/view/700484">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0044-4537/article/view/700484</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract. The dependence of contributions of electrons of valence molecular orbitals (MOs) of AnO<sub>2</sub> (An = Th – Lr) to bond occupancies (according to Malliken) on the atomic number <italic>Z</italic> has been obtained by the relativistic method of discrete variation. It has been observed that electrons of external valence MOs (VVMOs) strengthen the bonding, while electrons of internal valence MOs (IVMOs) weaken such bonding on average by one-third. The efficiency (observed in the experiment) of VVMO formation characterizes the peculiarity of chemical bonding of actinide dioxides. With increasing <italic>Z</italic>, the influence of valence MO electrons on the covalent bond significantly decreases and it acquires a more ionic character. Significant effects of covalent bonding in AnO<sub>2</sub> are observed due to the overlap of not only An 6<italic>d</italic>- but also An 6<italic>p</italic>- and An 5<italic>f</italic>-atomic orbitals with ligand orbitals.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Релятивистским методом дискретного варьирования получена зависимость вкладов электронов валентных молекулярных орбиталей (MO) AnO<sub>2</sub> (An = Th – Lr) в заселенности связей (по Малликену) от атомного номера <italic>Z</italic>. Отмечено, что электроны внешних валентных MO (ВМО) усиливают связь, а электроны внутренних валентных MO (ВВМО) ослабляют такую связь в среднем на треть. Эффективность (наблюдение в опыте) образования ВВМО характеризует особенность химической связи диоксидов актиноидов. С увеличением <italic>Z</italic> влияние электронов валентных MO на ковалентную связь существенно уменьшается и она приобретает более ионный характер. Наблюдаются значительные эффекты ковалентности в AnO<sub>2</sub>, связанные с перекрыванием не только An 6<italic>d</italic>-, но и An 6<italic>p</italic>- и An 5<italic>f</italic>-атомных орбиталей с орбиталями лигандов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>actinoid dioxides</kwd><kwd>external and internal valence MOs</kwd><kwd>bond occupancies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диоксиды актиноидов</kwd><kwd>внешние и внутренние валентные MO</kwd><kwd>заселенность связей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания НИЦ “Курчатовский институт” и государственного задания Института химии твердого тела УрОРАН (тема № 124020600024–5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>The chemistry of the actinide elements. V. 1&amp;2. Edited by Katz J.J., Seaborg G.T., Morss L.R. 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