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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664007</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164622700205</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MIDFWY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cognitive Functions of the Brain: a Review of Research in Weightlessness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивные функции мозга: обзор исследований в невесомости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipshits</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липшиц</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>yurilevik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levik</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левик</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>yurilevik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт проблем передачи информации имени А.А. Харкевича РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, М.И. Липшиц, Ю.С. Левик</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, М.И. Липшиц, Ю.С. Левик</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">М.И. Липшиц, Ю.С. Левик</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">М.И. Липшиц, Ю.С. Левик</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664007">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664007</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324369456">The review is devoted to the role of gravity in the implementation of human cognitive functions. The influence of weightlessness on various aspects of cognitive activity is considered, such as the choice of a vertical, the formation of a reference system, including the time coordinate, the recognition of the symmetry of complex shapes, the processes of memorizing and recognizing images, and orientation in three-dimensional labyrinths. It is described how the EEG activity of the brain in response to visual stimuli changes in weightlessness. It is shown that in weightlessness there are not only changes in the work of reflex mechanisms, but also restructuring at the level of the cognitive system, in particular, “reprogramming” of sensorimotor systems, and the development of new skills for the functioning of the brain in changed conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324368256">Данный обзор посвящен роли гравитации в реализации когнитивных функций человека. Рассматривается влияние невесомости на различные аспекты когнитивной деятельности, такие как выбор вертикали, формирование системы отсчета, включая временну́ю координату, распознавание симметрии сложных фигур, процессы запоминания и распознавания изображений, ориентация в трехмерных лабиринтах. Описано как в невесомости изменяется ЭЭГ-активность мозга в ответ на зрительные стимулы. Показано, что в невесомости существуют не только изменения в работе рефлекторных механизмов, но и перестройки на уровне когнитивной системы, в частности “перепрограммирование” сенсомоторных систем, и выработка новых навыков функционирования мозга в изменившихся условиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>frame of reference</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>weightlessness</kwd><kwd>virtual visual environment</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor conflict</kwd><kwd>motor functions</kwd><kwd>operator activity.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система отсчета</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>невесомость</kwd><kwd>виртуальная зрительная среда</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторный конфликт</kwd><kwd>двигательные функции</kwd><kwd>операторская деятельность.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Clement G., Gurfinkel V.S., Lestienne F. et al. Adaptation of Postural Control to Weightlessness // Exp. 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