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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664013</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164622600392</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MJBCPB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanics of the Left Ventricle in Children Born Prematurely</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Механика левого желудочка у детей, рожденных недоношенными</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyukova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюкова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavluk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavluk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neklyudova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неклюдова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavluk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavluk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии, 
Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Е.Н. Павлюкова, М.В. Колосова, Г.В. Неклюдова, Р.С. Карпов</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Е.Н. Павлюкова, М.В. Колосова, Г.В. Неклюдова, Р.С. Карпов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Е.Н. Павлюкова, М.В. Колосова, Г.В. Неклюдова, Р.С. Карпов</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Е.Н. Павлюкова, М.В. Колосова, Г.В. Неклюдова, Р.С. Карпов</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664013">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664013</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181323464416">An increase in the birth rate of premature and low birth weight children at the current level of medical development requires the development of fundamental ideas about the physiology of the cardiovascular system in a history of preterm birth from the point of view of pre- and postnatal ontogenesis. Practicing neonatologists, pediatricians, therapists, cardiologists, reproductologists, etc. it is necessary to improve the traditional ideas about the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in this category of patients. Because it is established that this clinical subgroup is characterized by increased risks of early onset of pathology of the heart and blood vessels, as well as a high mortality rate in adulthood. Pathological changes of the cardiovascular system in conditions of prematurity can occur at various levels of integration of the body (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, functional systems, organismal). The use of modern non-invasive technology “spot trace” makes it possible to study the features of segmental deformation and the variety of forms of LV torsion mechanics during postnatal growth and development in prematurely born children. Optimization of research and diagnostic processes in the field of mechanics of the infant heart in the prenatal and postnatal periods from the point of view of progressive data on anatomy, histology, clinical biochemistry allows us to study the nature of various contractile-rotational models, as well as reasonably assume the contribution of the fibrous skeleton of the infant heart to the formation of “childhood types” of left ventricular twisting. The search and development of informative criteria for the early diagnosis of latent subclinical heart dysfunction in childhood, taking into account the possibilities of non-invasive ultrasound technology “spot trace” (analysis of types of rotational movement, determination of areas of reduced longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle), based on the current provisions of evidence-based medicine, have become quite possible in modern conditions and are demonstrated by the authors in this review. The information offered to the readers will allow to expand the understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the infant heart with a history of premature birth, bearing in mind the fact that prematurity is considered a chronic condition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323460448">Рождение увеличивающегося числа недоношенных и маловесных детей при современном уровне развития медицины требует развития фундаментальных представлений о физиологии сердечно-сосудистой системы при преждевременных родах в анамнезе с точки зрения пре- и постнатального онтогенеза. Крайне необходимо практикующим врачам неонатологам, педиатрам, терапевтам, кардиологам, репродуктологам и т.д. совершенствовать традиционные представления о механизмах поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы у данной категории пациентов, поскольку установлено, что именно эта клиническая подгруппа характеризуется повышенными рисками ранних дебютов патологии сердца и сосудов, а также высоким уровнем смертности во взрослом возрасте. Патологические изменения сердечно-сосудистой системы в условиях недоношенности могут возникнуть на различных уровнях интеграции организма (молекулярном, субклеточном, клеточном, органном, уровне функциональных систем, организменном). Применение современной неинвазивной технологии “след пятна” позволяет изучить особенности сегментарной деформации и многообразие форм торсионной механики левого желудочка в период постнатального роста и развития у преждевременно рожденных детей. Оптимизация исследовательского и диагностического процессов в области механики детского сердца во внутриутробный и постнатальный периоды с точки зрения прогрессивных данных по анатомии, гистологии, клинической биохимии позволяет изучить природу различных контрактильно-ротационных моделей, а также обоснованно предположить вклад фиброзного скелета детского сердца в формирование “детских типов” скручивания левого желудочка. Поиск и разработка информативных критериев ранней диагностики латентной субклинической дисфункции сердца в детском возрасте с учетом возможностей неинвазивной ультразвуковой технологии “след пятна” (анализ типов вращательного движения, определение областей сниженной продольной деформации левого желудочка), основанных на актуальных положениях доказательной медицины, стали вполне возможны в современных условиях и демонстрируются авторами в настоящем обзоре. Предложенная читателям информация позволит расширить представления по физиологии и патофизиологии детского сердца при преждевременных родах в анамнезе, имея в виду, тот факт, что недоношенность считается хроническим состоянием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>baby heart</kwd><kwd>premature babies</kwd><kwd>contractility of the left ventricle of the heart</kwd><kwd>polar maps</kwd><kwd>fibrous skeleton.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детское сердце</kwd><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>сократимость левого желудочка сердца</kwd><kwd>полярные карты</kwd><kwd>фиброзный скелет.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tan C.M.J., Lewandowski A.J. The Transitional Heart: From Early Embryonic and Fetal Development to Neonatal Life // Fetal Diagn. Ther. 2020. V. 47. № 5. 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