Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66401810.31857/S0131164622600690MVPKLQОБЗОРЫIndividual Lifestyle and Male FertilityИндивидуальный образ жизни и мужская фертильностьOsadchukL. V.ОсадчукЛ. В.losadch@bionet.nsc.ruOsadchukA. V.ОсадчукА. В.losadch@bionet.nsc.ruFederal Research Center “Institute of Cytology and Genetics”, the Siberian Branch of the RASФГБНУ Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения РАН0103202349212313625022025Copyright ©; 2023, Л.В. Осадчук, А.В. ОсадчукCopyright ©; 2023, Л.В. Осадчук, А.В. Осадчук2023Л.В. Осадчук, А.В. ОсадчукЛ.В. Осадчук, А.В. Осадчукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664018

Over the past decades, there has been a significant decline in the birth rate in many countries raising the question of the role and degree of involvement of biological factors in this process. Up to 30% of couples of reproductive age have fertility problems, and in half of the cases, the cause is the male factor. However, up to 40% of cases of male infertility are idiopathic, i.e. with unexplained causes. More and more evidence suggests that environmental factors are the causes of growing male infertility and subfertility, among which the individual lifestyle seems to be the most significant. Many researchers believe that lifestyle factors make a significant contribution to the existing negative trend of global decline in male reproductive potential. The main factors of an individual lifestyle that cause a weakening of male reproductive health are considered to be obesity, nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, psychological stress, low-level radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (mobile telephones and portable computers), aging and others. Many factors of an individual lifestyle can reduce the sperm production, mobility and normal morphology, increase damage to the DNA of spermatozoa, and have a negative impact on the endocrine control of reproductive function, which can lead to male subfertility and infertility. In recent years, a significant amount of data has been accumulated that allows us to create an exhaustive and multifaceted picture of the lifestyle effects on the male reproductive function. This review focuses on the negative impact of the most common factors: obesity, diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol consumption on spermatogenesis and the profile of reproductive hormones in men.

В последние десятилетия во многих странах наблюдается значительное снижение репродуктивного потенциала популяций человека, что ставит вопрос о роли и степени вовлечения биологических факторов в этот процесс. До трети супружеских пар репродуктивного возраста (в зависимости от региона) имеют проблемы с фертильностью; в половине случаев причиной является мужской фактор, причем до 40% случаев мужского бесплодия является идиопатическим, т.е. с невыясненными причинами. Все больше данных свидетельствуют о том, что индивидуальный образ жизни может являться причиной растущего мужского бесплодия и субфертильности и вносить значительный вклад в существующий негативный тренд глобального снижения мужского репродуктивного потенциала. Основными факторами индивидуального образа жизни, вызывающими ослабление мужского репродуктивного здоровья, считают ожирение, нерациональное питание, гиподинамию, курение, избыточный прием алкоголя, психологический стресс, электромагнитное излучение (мобильные телефоны, ноутбуки), старение и другое. Многие факторы индивидуального образа жизни способны снижать продукцию и подвижность сперматозоидов, нарушать их морфологию, увеличивать повреждение ДНК сперматозоидов, ухудшать эндокринный контроль репродуктивной функции, что может приводить к мужскому бесплодию и субфертильности. В последние годы накоплен значительный объем данных, позволяющий создать исчерпывающую и многоликую картину эффектов индивидуального образа жизни на различные звенья мужской репродуктивной функции. В данном обзоре рассматриваются некоторые пути, связывающие ожирение, диету, гиподинамию, курение и алкоголь с показателями сперматогенеза и профилем репродуктивных гормонов у мужчин.

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