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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164624010119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Disturbances in dynamics of glucose, insulin and C-peptide in blood after a normalized intake of mixed meal in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нарушения динамики глюкозы, инсулина и С-пептида в крови после нормированного приема смешанной пищи при ожирении и сахарном диабете 2 типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lednev</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леднев</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vepkhvadze</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вепхвадзе</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhnovskii</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махновский</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danil-popov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ “НМИЦ эндокринологии” Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664025">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664025</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamics of venous blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide in response to intake a meal normalized to body mass in obese patients without and with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Venous blood samples were taken from 7 healthy subjects, 9 obese patients, and 10 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean period of diagnosed diabetes 7 years) before and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after a mixed meal (6 kcal/kg of body mass); additionally, 9 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3 healthy volunteers completed a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test. In patient groups the energy content of food did not differ, but was 1.8 times higher than in the control. An increase in glucose level one hour after a meal was maximal in patients with type 2 diabetes, but an increase in insulin and C-peptide — in obese patients, that related to impairment of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by tissues and of the rate of insulin secretion (dysfunction of â-cells) in patients. At the same time, an increase in the total area under the curve “C-peptide–time” shows that the maximum secretory response of â-cells is comparable in obese patients without and with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The absolute blood glucose level 90 minutes after a meal was closely correlated with the M-index — the marker of systemic sensitivity to insulin (r<sub>s</sub> = –0.82, p = 0.002). Our results characterize the features in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism after intake a mixed meal, normalized to body mass, in people with the varying severity of metabolic disorders, and open up prospects for a wider application of this test in practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования — изучить динамику глюкозы, инсулина и С-пептида венозной крови в ответ на прием пищи, нормированный на массу тела, у пациентов с ожирением с и без сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Пробы венозной крови брали у 7 здоровых добровольцев, 9 пациентов с ожирением и 10 пациентов с ожирением и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (средняя длительность диабета 7 лет) до и через 30, 60, 90, 120 и 180 мин после приема смешанной пищевой смеси (6 ккал/кг массы тела); дополнительно 9 пациентов с ожирением и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и 3 здоровых добровольца выполнили гиперинсулинемический эугликемический клэмп-тест. Калорийность пищи у пациентов не различалась, но была в 1.8 раза выше, чем в контроле. Прирост глюкозы через час после приема пищи был максимальный у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, а прирост инсулина и С-пептида — у пациентов с ожирением, что отражает нарушения как в инсулинозависимом захвате глюкозы тканями, так и в скорости секреции инсулина (дисфункция β-клеток) у пациентов. При этом прирост площади под кривой “С-пептид-время” за тест показывает, что максимальный секреторный ответ β-клеток сопоставим у пациентов с ожирением без и с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Абсолютный уровень глюкозы крови через 90 мин после приема пищи тесно коррелировал с М-индексом — показателем системной чувствительности к инсулину (<italic>r</italic><sub>s</sub> = –0.82, <italic>р</italic> = 0.002). Полученные результаты характеризуют особенности регуляции углеводного обмена при приеме пищи, нормированном на массу тела, у людей с различной выраженностью метаболических нарушений, и открывают перспективы для более широкого применения этого теста в практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>skeletal muscle, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, mixed meal test, insulin resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скелетная мышца</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>тест со смешанной пищей</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21-75-10146</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. et al. 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