Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66403610.31857/S0131164624020121EEVEHXОБЗОРЫReview ArticleNeurotrophic Hypothesis of Development of DepressionНейротрофическая гипотеза развития депрессииYasenyavskayaA. L.ЯсенявскаяА. Л.
Russian Federation
yasen_9@mail.ruTsibizovaA. A.ЦибизоваА. А.
Russian Federation
yasen_9@mail.ruSamotruevaM. A.СамотруеваМ. А.
Russian Federation
yasen_9@mail.ruAstrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО “Астраханский государственный медицинский университет” МЗ РФ2407202450214215225022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664036

Currently, depression is a widespread mental disorder in modern society and is associated with significant impairments in the quality of life of patients. The review examines the main representatives of neurotrophic factors belonging to various families, in particular nerve growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, neurokines and non-neuronal factors. Neurotrophins, being large polypeptides, play an integrative role, fulfilling the signaling mission of intermediaries in a wide range of physiological processes. At the moment, a large number of studies have been carried out in order to understand the interaction between factors of various directions, including biological, psychological and environmental factors that determine the etiopathogenesis of this pathology. Based on the data obtained, one of the main hypotheses for the development of depression is considered - neurotrophic, which most fully explains the emerging pathogenetic changes. According to this hypothesis, the leading role in the etiology of depression is played by neurotrophic factors that ensure the maintenance of normal neuron-glial interaction, the processes of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Neurotrophins have a high physiological activity due to the presence of several binding groups for different cell receptors and the regulatory ability to express other signaling molecules, the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, showing trophic, anti-inflammatory, growth, mediator and effector properties. To date, the mechanisms of the onset of depression, despite the widespread prevalence of this pathology, remain largely unclear, hindering a directed search for targets for the development of effective therapy. The revealed disorders of neurotrophic factors in depression make it reasonable to consider neurotrophins as therapeutic agents in a multitarget approach to the treatment of depressive disorders.

В настоящее время депрессия является широко распространенным психическим расстройством в современном обществе и связана со значительными нарушениями качества жизни пациентов. В обзоре рассмотрены основные представители нейротрофических факторов, относящихся к различным семействам, в частности фактора роста нервов, трансформирующего ростового фактора бета, нейрокинов, а также ненейрональные факторы. Нейротрофины, являясь крупными полипептидами, играют интегративную роль, выполняя сигнальную миссию посредников в большом спектре физиологических процессов. На данный момент проведено большое количество исследований с целью понимания взаимодействия между факторами различной направленности, в том числе биологическими, психологическими и экологическими, определяющими этиопатогенез данной патологии. На основании полученных данных одной из основных гипотез развития депрессии рассматривается нейротрофическая, наиболее полно объясняющая возникающие патогенетические изменения. Согласно данной гипотезе ведущую роль в этиологии депрессии играют нейротрофические факторы, обеспечивающие поддержание нормального нейрон-глиального взаимодействия, процессы нейрогенеза, ангиогенеза, синаптической пластичности. Нейротрофины обладают высокой физиологической активностью, обусловленной наличием нескольких групп связывания для разных клеточных рецепторов и регуляторной способностью к экспрессии других сигнальных молекул, способностью проникать через гематоэнцефалический барьер, проявляя трофические, противовоспалительные, ростовые, медиаторные и эффекторные свойства. На сегодняшний день механизмы возникновения депрессии, несмотря на широкую распространенность данной патологии, остаются в значительной степени неясными, сдерживая направленный поиск мишеней для разработки эффективных средств терапии. Выявленные нарушения нейротрофических факторов при депрессии делают целесообразным рассмотрение нейротрофинов в качестве терапевтических агентов при мультитаргетном подходе к лечению депрессивных расстройств.

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