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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164624040028</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BTPAMG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Comparison of Two Multitasking Approaches to Cognitive Training in Patients after Coronary Bypass Surgery: Theta Activity Changes and <italic>sLORETA</italic> Analysis Data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение двух многозадачных подходов к когнитивному тренингу у пациентов после коронарного шунтирования по данным изменений тета-активности и <italic>sLORETA</italic>-анализа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuhareva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухарева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сырова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuprds@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ НИИ комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664051">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664051</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study investigated the changes in theta activity and localization of its sources by standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in patients who have underwent two variants of multitasking cognitive training (CT) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Two groups were formed in a pseudo-random way, which differed according to the type of motor problem used: CT I (n = 27) – a postural balance task and CT II (n = 27) – a simple visual-motor reaction. Cognitive tasks were the same for both groups (counting backwards, verbal fluency, and unusual uses for common objects). Daily sessions of CT were held from the 3rd to 4th day after CABG, with a duration of 5 minutes on the 1st day of training and up to 20 minutes on the 6th to 7th day of training. The current density of theta rhythm sources was lower before CABG than after surgery in the CT II group only. The most significant differences are in the Brodmann area 31, the parietal occipital lobes and precuneus, which may indicate damage associated with cardiac surgery. This effect was not observed in the CT I group. The results of our study demonstrated the informativeness of sLORETA indicators to determine an effective cognitive recovery option after CABG. The reduction of the severity of damaging effects of CABG during training using cognitive tasks and postural balance task was shown. Further research is needed to determine the optimal mode and duration of cognitive training to maximize the functional reserves of such patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе изучались изменения θ-активности и локализация ее источников методом <italic>standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography</italic> (<italic>sLORETA</italic>) у пациентов, которые прошли два варианта многозадачного когнитивного тренинга (КТ) в раннем послеоперационном периоде коронарного шунтирования (КШ). Псевдослучайным образом были сформированы две группы, которые отличались по типу используемой моторной задачи: КТ I (<italic>n</italic> = 27) — стабилотренинг и КТ II (<italic>n</italic> = 27) — простая зрительно-моторная реакция. Когнитивные задачи были одинаковыми у обеих групп (обратный счет, вербальная беглость и придумывание способов необычного использования обычного предмета). Ежедневные сессии КТ проводились, начиная с 3–4-го дня после КШ, с продолжительностью от 5 мин в 1-й день тренинга и до 20 мин к 6–7 дню тренинга. Установлена меньшая плотность источников тока θ-ритма до операции по сравнению с послеоперационными данными только у группы, прошедшей КТ II. Наиболее сильные различия отмечены в поле Бродмана 31, теменно-затылочных долях головного мозга и предклинье, что может свидетельствовать об их повреждении, ассоциированным с кардиохирургическим вмешательством. При этом в группе, прошедшей КТ I, такого эффекта не наблюдалось. Результаты исследования демонстрируют информативность показателей <italic>sLORETA</italic> для определения эффективного варианта когнитивного восстановления после КШ. Показано снижение выраженности повреждающих эффектов КШ при выполнении тренинга с использованием когнитивных задач и постурального тренинга. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для определения оптимальных режима и продолжительности когнитивного тренинга для максимальной активации функциональных резервов таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>sLORETA</kwd><kwd>low-resolution tomography</kwd><kwd>cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>cognitive rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>multitasking approach</kwd><kwd>coronary artery bypass surgery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>sLORETA</kwd><kwd>томография низкого разрешения</kwd><kwd>ишемия мозга</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>когнитивная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>многозадачный подход</kwd><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122012000364-5</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Indja B., Woldendorp K., Vallely M.P., Grieve S.M. 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