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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664066</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164623600313</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EMOMWV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Grip Force Control in 21-Day Dry Immersion</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Контроль силы хвата в ходе 21-суточной “сухой” иммерсии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenskaya</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленская</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saveko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савеко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirova</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирова</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosikova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носикова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelensky</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленский</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilovskaya</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томиловская</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>radostniyden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, И.С. Зеленская, А.А. Савеко, Л.Е. Амирова, В.В. Китов, И.Н. Носикова, К.А. Зеленский, Е.С. Томиловская</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, И.С. Зеленская, А.А. Савеко, Л.Е. Амирова, В.В. Китов, И.Н. Носикова, К.А. Зеленский, Е.С. Томиловская</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">И.С. Зеленская, А.А. Савеко, Л.Е. Амирова, В.В. Китов, И.Н. Носикова, К.А. Зеленский, Е.С. Томиловская</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">И.С. Зеленская, А.А. Савеко, Л.Е. Амирова, В.В. Китов, И.Н. Носикова, К.А. Зеленский, Е.С. Томиловская</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664066">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664066</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257551275824">During space flight, the changes in the functions of the upper limbs can affect the quality of operator activity. At the same time, there are very few data on this topic, because most of the research is focused on the structure and functions of the lower extremities. The aim was to study the characteristics of the grip force control during the decrease of the support and proprioceptive sensory signals in the conditions of the ground-based model of the effects of space flight – dry immersion (DI). The duration of DI exposure was 21 days. 10 male volunteers performed tests using a hand dynamometer for maximal voluntary contraction, the maintenance of the reference force, the reproduction of this force from memory, and the grip force gradation test. The subjects performed this series of tests before exposure to DI, then on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 of DI, and days 1 and 3 of the recovery period. The results show that DI exposure led to an increase in proprioceptive sensitivity in the tasks without visual feedback when with open eyes from day 5 of DI the subjects were more mistaken in the reproduction of the reference force using the dominant hand. The sensory processing/modulation disorder under DI factors may cause this phenomenon.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257551274656">Во время космического полета (КП) изменения в функциях верхних конечностей могут повлиять на качество работы оператора. В то же время данных по этой теме очень мало, поскольку большая часть работ сосредоточена на изучении структуры и функциях нижних конечностей. Целью настоящей работы явилось исследование характеристик контроля силы хвата при снижении опорных и проприоцептивных сенсорных сигналов в условиях наземного моделирования эффектов КП – “сухой” иммерсии (СИ). Продолжительность воздействия СИ составляла 21 сут. 10 добровольцев мужского пола выполняли тесты с использованием ручного динамометра: на максимальную произвольную силу, удержание целевого усилия, воспроизведение этого усилия по памяти и на градацию силы хвата. Испытуемые выполняли эту серию тестов дважды до воздействия СИ, затем на 1-е, 3-и, 5-е, 10-е, 15-е и 20-е сут СИ, а также на 1-й и 3-й дни восстановительного периода. Результаты показывают, что воздействие СИ сопровождалось увеличением проприоцептивной чувствительности при выполнении задач без зрительной обратной связи, в то время как с открытыми глазами, начиная с 5-х сут СИ, испытуемые чаще ошибались в воспроизведении целевого усилия с использованием доминирующей руки. Нарушение сенсорной обработки/модуляции под влиянием факторов СИ может быть причиной этого феномена.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motor control</kwd><kwd>dry immersion</kwd><kwd>space flight</kwd><kwd>grip force</kwd><kwd>dynamometry.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контроль движений</kwd><kwd>“сухая” иммерсия</kwd><kwd>космический полет</kwd><kwd>сила хвата</kwd><kwd>динамометрия.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Johansson R.S., Westling G. Roles of glabrous skin receptors and sensorimotor memory in automatic control of precision grip when lifting rougher or more slippery objects // Exp. Brain Res. 1984. V. 56. № 3. P. 550.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Flanagan J.R., Tresilian J.R. Grip-Load Force Coupling: A General Control Strategy for Transporting Objects // J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 1994. V. 20. № 5. 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