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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164624060033</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AGKDAW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Jump Tests after Support Unloading of Various Durations: Maximum Height and Accuracy of Implementation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прыжковые тесты после опорной разгрузки различной продолжительности: максимальная высота и точность выполнения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Primachenko</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Примаченко</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>g.k.primachenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>g.k.primachenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>g.k.primachenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>g.k.primachenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр физической культуры и спорта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664075">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents results of a study of changes in speed-strength factors of the musculoskeletal system of the human lower extremities and factors of accuracy in performing multi-joint movements after exposure to such models of the physiological effects of microgravity as 21-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) and 7-day dry immersion (DI) with electromyostimulation (EMS) as a preventive measure against muscle atony. Maximum jump height, as well as the accuracy and variability of the jump height to a predetermined height were studied. The results of the study showed that exposure to the microgravity models has a similar effect on the absolute speed-strength parameters of lower extremities muscles and leads to their decrease. At the same time, HDBR and DI have different effects on the accuracy of performing multi-joint movements to a predetermined height. Thus, after HDBR, the accuracy increased, and after DI it decreased or remained at the background level. The mentioned decrease in the accuracy after DI may be a consequence of the use of EMS during DI.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе представлены результаты исследования изменений скоростно-силовых показателей опорно-двигательного аппарата нижних конечностей человека и показателей точности выполнения многосуставных движений после воздействия таких моделей физиологических эффектов микрогравитации, как 21-суточная антиортостатическая гипокинезия (АНОГ) и 7-суточная “сухая” иммерсия (СИ) с использованием электромиостимуляции (ЭМС) как средства профилактики атонии мышечной ткани. В качестве изучаемых параметров использовалась максимальная высота прыжка, а также точность и вариативность высоты прыжка на заранее установленную высоту. Результаты исследования показали, что экспозиция в изучаемых моделях микрогравитации оказывает схожее влияние на абсолютные скоростно-силовые показатели мышц нижних конечностей и приводит к их снижению. При этом АНОГ и СИ оказывают различное влияние на точность выполнения многосуставных движений. Так, после АНОГ точность выполнения многосуставных движений на заранее установленную высоту увеличилась, а после СИ – снизилась или осталась на фоновом уровне. Последнее может быть следствием применения в условиях иммерсионного эксперимента ЭМС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maximum jump height</kwd><kwd>variability</kwd><kwd>dry immersion</kwd><kwd>head-down bed rest</kwd><kwd>body weight support</kwd><kwd>microgravity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>максимальная высота прыжка</kwd><kwd>вариативность</kwd><kwd>“сухая” иммерсия</kwd><kwd>антиортостатическая гипокинезия</kwd><kwd>опорная разгрузка</kwd><kwd>микрогравитация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FMFR-2024-0033</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Минобрнауки России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2022-298</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bernstein N. 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