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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664078</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164624040076</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BTINMQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in System Hemodynamics During Static Contractions of Upper and Lower Limb Muscles: Influence of Fatigue</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменения показателей системной гемодинамики при повторных статических сокращениях мышц верхних и нижних конечностей: влияние утомления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovik</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровик</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pecheritsa</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печерица</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664078">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664078</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during exercise grow with the development of muscle fatigue due to activation of the ergoreflex (ER), which is commonly assessed by post-exercise blood flow occlusion. However, this approach does not reproduce ER functioning in natural conditions and is of little use for testing ER from receptors of lower limb muscles, which differ from upper limb muscles in metabolic characteristics, and are also subject to more pronounced changes as a result of physical inactivity in various diseases. The aim of this study was to compare changes in systemic hemodynamics during “natural” ER activation with the development of severe fatigue in a test with rhythmic static contractions of thigh or forearm muscles until failure to work. Nine young men performed rhythmic isometric contractions of the knee extensors or the wrist flexors while maintaining a given load level (40% of the maximum voluntary effort) in a 20 s contraction/20 relaxation mode until fatigue (work duration in both tests was about 30 min). During the tests, systemic BP (Finapres), stroke volume (SV, ModelFlow algorithm) and ECG were continuously recorded. Rhythmic contractions of both muscle groups were accompanied by an increase in BP and HR, while SV decreased. As fatigue developed, the changes in BP and SV during muscle contraction became more pronounced. Importantly, during contractions of the thigh muscles, fatigue potentiated an increase in BP because of an increase in total peripheral resistance, and during contractions of the forearm muscles, because of an increase in cardiac output. Thus, fatigue of various muscle groups is accompanied by activation of different components of the ER – vascular component during lower limb exercise and cardiac component during upper limb exercise. The results obtained must be considered when developing methods for assessing hemodynamic control in cardiovascular diseases, which are often associated with changes in both skeletal muscles and the functioning of the ergoreflex.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изменения артериального давления (АД) и частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) при физической нагрузке растет при развитии мышечного утомления в связи с активацией эргорефлекса (ЭР), тестирование активности которого часто проводят путем послерабочей артериальной окклюзии кровотока. Однако такой подход не воспроизводит работу эргорефлекса в естественных условиях и малопригоден для тестирования эргорефлекса от рецепторов мышц ног, которые отличаются от мышц рук по метаболическим характеристикам и подвержены более выраженным изменениям в результате гиподинамии при различных заболеваниях. Целью данной работы было сравнение изменений показателей системной гемодинамики при "естественной" активации эргорефлекса по мере развития выраженного утомления в тесте с ритмическими сокращениями мышц бедра и предплечья в статическом режиме. Девять молодых мужчин выполняли повторные изометрические сокращения мышц-разгибателей коленного сустава или мышц-сгибателей лучезапястного сустава с поддержанием заданного уровня нагрузки (40% от максимального произвольного усилия) в режиме 20 с сокращение/ 20 с расслабление до отказа от работы (длительность работы в обоих тестах – около 30 мин). В тестах непрерывно регистрировали системное АД (фотокомпенсационный метод), ударный объем (УО, алгоритм "<italic>ModelFlo</italic>w") и электрокардиограмму. Cокращения обеих мышечных групп сопровождались повышением АД и ЧСС, УО при этом снижался, по мере развития утомления изменения АД и УО становились более выраженными. Важно, что при сокращениях мышц бедра утомление потенцировало повышение АД в результате увеличения общего периферического сопротивления, а при сокращениях мышц предплечья – в результате увеличения минутного объема сердца. Таким образом, утомление различных мышечных групп сопровождается активацией разных компонентов эргорефлекса – сосудистого при работе мышц ноги и сердечного при работе мышц руки. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при разработке методик оценки регуляции гемодинамики при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях, которые нередко сопряжены с изменениями как скелетных мышц, так и функционирования эргорефлекса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muscle contractions</kwd><kwd>systemic hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>ergoreflex</kwd><kwd>metaboreflex</kwd><kwd>mechanoreflex</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышечные сокращения</kwd><kwd>системная гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>эргорефлекс</kwd><kwd>метаборефлекс</kwd><kwd>механорефлекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RSF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-15-00331</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shoemaker J.K., Gros R. 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