Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66408410.31857/S0131164624060051AGGLLVArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleChange in the Area of the Plantar Surface of the Foot as an Indicator of its Functional State in ChildrenПлощадь плантарной поверхности как индикатор функционального состояния стопы у детейKhramtsovP. I.ХрамцовП. И.
Russian Federation
pikhramtsov@gmail.comKurganskyA. M.КурганскийА. М.
Russian Federation
kurgansk@yandex.ruNational Medical Research Center for Children’s HealthФГАУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей” МЗ РФ12122024506445125022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664084

The widespread occurrence of disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children determines the need to study the functional state of the foot in the process of preventive and health-improving measures and in the hygienic assessment of factors of foot formation, including the influence of wearing children's shoes of different designs and weights. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of the foot in children using standard functional physical activity. The study was conducted with the participation of 57 children aged 7–10 years. The functional load consisted in the maximum lifting the heels, standing on the toes, simultaneously 2 feet in the amount of 25 times at the pace of 1 cycle (stand on your toes and go down) in 2 s. The area of the plantar surface of the foot was determined using the podobarography method, the condition of the arch of the foot – using the plantography method. It was found that under the influence of the load, the area of the right foot did not significantly change – 82.33 ± 1.58 and 81.70 ± 1.74 cm2 (p = 0.642), the area of the left foot decreased from 86.72 ± 1.50 to 81.93 ± 1.44 cm2 (p = 0.000). For the right leading foot, this load turned out to be insignificant, which can be characterized as a manifestation of the “functional rigidity” of the foot in response to the load. For the left foot, the load caused a reaction of mobilization of the musculoskeletal system. The change in the area of the right foot before and after the load, depending on the condition of the arch of the foot, also turned out to be insignificant. For the left foot, in the normal state of the arch of both feet, the area after loading decreased from 80.31 ± 2.27 to 76.14 ± 2.55 cm2 (p = 0.022), with flattening – from 92.78 ± 3.88 to 88.50 ± 3.55 cm2 (p = 0.028), with flat feet – from 90.17 ± 5.35 to 84.25 ± 5.49 cm2 (p = 0.050). The change in the area of the plantar surface of the foot in response to physical exertion can be used to study the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of the foot during preventive medical examinations, evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive and corrective technologies, as well as in the hygienic evaluation of the design of children's shoes.

Широкое распространение нарушений и заболеваний костно-мышечной системы у детей определяет необходимость исследования функционального состояния стопы в процессе проведения профилактических и оздоровительных мероприятий, а также при гигиенической оценке факторов, влияющих на формирование стопы. Цель исследования – оценить функциональное состояние мышечно-связочного аппарата стопы у детей 7–10 лет на основе анализа изменения площади плантарной поверхности до и после стандартной физической нагрузки. Исследование проведено с участием 59 детей 7–10 лет. Нагрузка состояла в максимальном подъеме и опускании пяток одновременно обеих стоп в количестве 25 раз в темпе 1 цикл (встать на носки и опуститься) за 2 с. Площадь плантарной поверхности стопы определялась с помощью метода подобарографии, состояние свода стопы – с помощью метода плантографии. Установлено, что под влиянием нагрузки площадь правой стопы достоверно не изменилась – 82.33 ± 1.58 и 81.70 ± 1.74 см² (p = 0.642), площадь левой стопы уменьшилась с 86.72 ± 1.50 до 81.93 ± 1.44 см² (р = 0.000). Изменение площади правой стопы до и после нагрузки в зависимости от состояния свода стопы также оказалось незначимым. Для левой стопы площадь после нагрузки уменьшилась при нормальном состоянии свода обеих стоп с 80.31 ± 2.27 до 76.14 ± 2.55 см² (р = 0.022), при уплощении – с 92.78 ± 3.88 до 88.50 ± 3.55 см² (р = 0.028), при плоскостопии – с 90.17 ± 5.35 до 84.25 ± 5.49 см² (р = 0.050). Изменение площади плантарной поверхности стопы в ответ на физическую нагрузку может быть использовано для оценки функционального состояния мышечно-связочного аппарата стопы при профилактических медицинских осмотрах, оценке эффективности профилактических и оздоровительных технологий, а также при гигиенической оценке конструкции и массы детской обуви.

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