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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164624040082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BSWASY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Dynamics of Respiratory Rate and Heart Rate Variability when Performing a Cognitive Task of Two Levels of Complexity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика частоты дыхания и вариабельности ритма сердца при выполнении когнитивной задачи двух уровней сложности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kriklenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крикленко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kriklenko_ea@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kriklenko_ea@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Innovative and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664085">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664085</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study examined heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory rate during a cognitive task (reading) at two difficulty levels. Time, frequency and nonlinear analysis of HRV was used. It has been shown that both some indicators of HRV (HR, SDNN, RMSSD, SD2, SD2/SD1) and respiratory rate change with increasing mental load, however, they do not separately demonstrate significant differences at all three stages of the study. Therefore, for the first time for cognitive studies, an integral indicator was used that links the parameters of the heart with respiration – the physiological cost of activity (PhysCost), which was previously used in work with athletes when they performed physical exercises to failure. Changes in the PhysCost showed that differences between a simple and a complex task are observed at all stages of the study. Thus, it has been established that the difference in the functional state of a person in the process of performing a continuous task of two levels of complexity is most reliably revealed when using an integrative indicator connecting the activity of the respiratory system and the circulatory system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено изучению изменения вариабельности ритма сердца (ВРС) и частоты дыхания (ЧД) при выполнении когнитивной задачи двух уровней сложности. Был использован временно́й, частотный и нелинейный анализ ритма сердца. Установлено, что ЧД и ряд показателей ВРС (ЧСС, <italic>SDNN</italic>, <italic>RMSSD</italic>, <italic>SD</italic>2, <italic>SD</italic>2/<italic>SD</italic>1) изменяются при увеличении умственной нагрузки, однако при этом не демонстрируют статистически достоверных различий на протяжении всего периода измерения. В связи с этим впервые для когнитивных исследований был применен интегративный показатель, связывающий параметры сердца и дыхания, физиологическая цена деятельности (ФЦД), который ранее использовался в работах со спортсменами при выполнении ими физических упражнений до отказа. Изменение ФЦД показало, что различия между простой и сложной задачами можно выявить во время всех блоков исследования. Таким образом, установлено, что разница в функциональном состоянии человека в процессе выполнения непрерывного задания двух уровней сложности наиболее достоверно выявляется при использовании интегративного показателя ФЦД, отражающего совокупное изменение активности дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем организма относительно предыдущего периода относительного покоя.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HRV</kwd><kwd>cardiorespiratory coupling</kwd><kwd>cognitive load</kwd><kwd>reading</kwd><kwd>task complexity</kwd><kwd>physiological cost of activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВРС</kwd><kwd>дыхание</kwd><kwd>кардиореспираторные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>когнитивная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>чтение</kwd><kwd>физиологическая цена деятельности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Charles R.L., Nixon J. 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