Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66409110.31857/S0131164624040099BSSQNVArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleProteome of Dried Blood Spots of Cosmonauts during a 6-Month FlightПротеом сухих пятен крови космонавтов в течение 6-месячного полетаLarinaI. M.ЛаринаИ. М.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruKashirinaD. N.КаширинаД. Н.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruPastushkovaL. Kh.ПастушковаЛ. Х.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruKononikhinA. S.КононихинА. С.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruNosovskyA. M.НосовскийА. М.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruBrzhozovskyA. G.БржозовскийА. Г.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruNikolaevE. N.НиколаевЕ. Н.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruOrlovO. I.ОрловО. И.
Russian Federation
daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruInstitute of Biomedical Problems, RASФГБУН ГНЦ РФ - Институт медико-биологических проблем РАНSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyСколковский институт науки и технологий3110202450410511925022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664091

For successful exploration of near space, construction of planetary bases and exploration of the Solar System planets, it is necessary to fill the gaps in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the human body response to space flight (SF) conditions. Subsequently, this will make it possible to get closer to the discovery of potential molecular targets for protection against adverse processes occurring in the body under the influence of SF conditions. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of a 6-month space flight on the proteome of dried blood spots of cosmonauts. As a result of proteomic analysis, processes with highly and moderately enriched proteins were identified. Among them, processes with reliable dynamics were identified on the 7th day of SF, as well as on the 3rd and 6th months of flight: these are clusters of energy processes, presentation of molecules on the membrane, initiation of immune defense, proteostasis and metabolism. Biological processes were identified in which the representation of proteins decreased most significantly, which was reflected in a weakening of activity in the presentation of molecules on the membrane, the initiation of immune defense, as well as in the mechanisms of proteostasis in the acute period of adaptation to the factors of the initial stage of flight. It has been shown that there is a close interaction with proteins of the cytoskeleton organization that disappear or reappear in the dried blood spots proteome during flight, and that relate to processes whose activity significantly decreased during SF (immune system, proteostasis, metabolism).

Для успешного освоения ближнего космического пространства, строительства напланетных баз и исследования планет Солнечной системы необходимо заполнить пробелы в понимании молекулярных механизмов ответа организма человека на условия космического полета (КП). В перспективе это даст возможность приблизиться к открытию потенциальных молекулярных мишеней для защиты от неблагоприятных процессов, протекающих в организме под действием условий КП. Целью работы была оценка влияния 6-месячного КП на протеом высушенных пятен крови космонавтов. В результате протеомного анализа выявлены процессы высоко и в средней степени обогащенные белками. Среди них определены процессы с достоверной динамикой на 7-ые сут КП, а также 3 и 6-й месяцы полета: кластеры процессов энергетики, презентации молекул на мембране, инициации иммунной защиты, протеостаза и метаболизма. Выявлены биологические процессы, в которых наиболее сильно снизилось представленность белков, что отразилось на ослаблении активности в презентации молекул на мембране, инициации иммунной защиты, а также в механизмах протеостаза в остром периоде адаптации к факторам начального этапа полета. Показано тесное взаимодействие с белками, участниками организации цитоскелета протеинов исчезающих или вновь появляющихся в протеоме высушенных пятен крови во время полета и относящихся к процессам, активность которых достоверно снизилась во время КП (иммунная система, протеостаз, метаболизм).

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