Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66410210.31857/S0131164624040107BSPZVVArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleAdaptive Changes in Human Leukocytes in Response to a Long-Term Stay in AntarcticaАдаптивные изменения в лейкоцитах человека в ответ на длительное пребывание в АнтарктидеVeikoN. N.ВейкоН. Н.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comErshovaE. S.ЕршоваЕ. С.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comMalinovskayaE. M.МалиновскаяЕ М.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comSavinovaE. A.СавиноваЕ. А.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comChudakovaJ. M.ЧудаковаЮ. М.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comEliseevaJ. I.ЕлисееваЮ. И.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comKostyukS. V.КостюкС. В.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comSadovaA. A.СадоваА. А.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comShmarovV. A.ШмаровВ. А.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comRykovaM. P.РыковаМ. П.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comOsetskiyN. Yu.ОсецкийН. Ю.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comPonomarevS. A.ПономарёвС. А.
Russian Federation
shmarov.v.a@gmail.comMedical Genetic Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical SciencesФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. БочковаInstitute of Biomedical Problems, RASФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН3110202450412013625022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664102

Oxidative stress and aging are known to alter the copy number (CN) of satellite III repeat (1q12) (SatIII(1q)) and telomeric repeat (TR) in the DNA of human cells. The extreme conditions of Antarctica could potentially affect the CN of these repeats in human blood cells, which may be associated with inhibition of the antioxidant system and activation of apoptosis. In this work, we analyzed the CN of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), SatIII(1q), and TR repeats in the leukocytes of 11 male members of the expedition to Vostok station in 2019–2020. To observe dynamic changes in the number of repeating elements of the genome and the degree of their oxidation, six blood samples were taken: before arrival in Antarctica, after 27, 85, 160, 270, and 315 days of wintering. To analyze adaptive changes, the expression levels of the BAX, BCL2, NOX4, NRF2, SOD1, and HIF1 genes were measured. We detected a decrease in SatIII(1q) CN and an increase in TR CN against the background of a stable rDNA CN in human blood cells during wintering. These changes, along with a decrease in the 8-oxodG in DNA, are associated with an increase in the activity of the NOX4 gene, a decrease in the activity of the NRF2 gene, and an increase in the expression of the proapoptotic protein BAX. Thus, wintering in Antarctica stimulates an adaptive response in the human body, which includes increased elimination from the bloodstream of “ballast” cells with a high level of DNA oxidation, a high SatIII(1q) content, and a low TR content. An increase in ROS levels due to chronic activation of the NOX4 gene along with the blocked NRF2 gene may play a significant role in the development of the response.

Известно, что окислительный стресс и старение изменяют содержание повтора сателлита III (1q12) (SatIII(1q)) и теломерного повтора (telomere repeat, TR) в ДНК клеток человека. Экстремальные условия Антарктиды потенциально могут влиять на количество этих повторов в клетках крови человека, что может быть связано с угнетением антиоксидантной системы и активацией апоптоза. В данной работе были проанализированы содержание повтора рибосомной ДНК (рДНК), повторов SatIII(1q) и TR в лейкоцитах 11 мужчин – членов экспедиции на станцию Восток в 2019–2020 гг. Для наблюдения динамических изменений в количестве повторяющихся элементов генома и степени окисления ДНК проводили 6 заборов крови: до прибытия в Антарктиду, через 27, 85, 160, 270 и 315 дней зимовки. Для анализа адаптивных изменений измеряли уровни экспрессии генов белков BAX, BCL2, NOX4, NRF2, SOD1, HIF1. Удалось обнаружить снижение содержания SatIII(1q) и увеличение содержания TR на фоне стабильного содержания рДНК в клетках крови людей в ходе зимовки. Эти изменения наряду со снижением маркера окисления 8-oxodG в ДНК ассоциированы с увеличением активности гена NOX4, снижением активности гена NRF2, а также увеличением экспрессии гена проапоптотического белка BAX. Таким образом, зимовка в Антарктиде стимулирует в организме человека адаптивный ответ, который включает усиление элиминации из кровотока "балластных" клеток с высоким уровнем окисления ДНК, с высоким содержанием повтора SatIII(1q) и низким содержанием TR. В развитии ответа значительную роль может играть повышение уровня АФК вследствие хронической активации гена NOX4 на фоне блокирования активности гена антиокислительного транскрипционного фактора NRF2.

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