Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66410610.31857/S0131164624060101AFHEWHОБЗОРЫReview ArticleThe Modern Concepts of Energy Balance and Energy Availability in SportsСовременные представления об энергетическом балансе и доступности энергии в спортеBushmanovaE. A.БушмановаЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology

katerinabushmanova@mail.ruLyudininaA. Y.ЛюдининаА. Ю.
Russian Federation

Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology

salu_06@inbox.ruInstitute of Physiology, Ural Branch, RAS, Komi RepublicИнститут физиологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН121220245069210625022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664106

The imbalance between energy intake and total energy expenditure is the cause of a negative energy balance, and in combination with prolonged intense exercise, it can lead to the development of low energy availability (LEA). The concept of LEA is associated with a number of endocrine, cardiovascular, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and mental characteristics, which have been combined under the term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). The analysis of the world literature has shown a high prevalence of LEA and RED-S against the background of insufficient awareness of coaches and athletes about energy deficiency and its negative health consequences, which actualizes the importance of this problem. That is why the issues of early diagnosis, adequate treatment, and prevention of RED-S, taking into account the specifics of the sport, gender, and age, are of great practical importance.

Дисбаланс между энергопотреблением и суточным расходом энергии является причиной отрицательного энергетического баланса, а в сочетании с длительными интенсивными физическими нагрузками может привести к развитию низкой доступности энергии (НДЭ). Понятие НДЭ ассоциируется с целым рядом эндокринных, сердечно-сосудистых, воспалительных, желудочно-кишечных и психических изменений, которые были объединены под термином “относительный дефицит энергии в спорте” (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, RED-S). Проведенный анализ мировой литературы показал высокую распространенность НДЭ и RED-S на фоне недостаточной осведомленности тренеров и спортсменов о дефиците энергии и его негативных последствиях для здоровья, что актуализирует значимость данной проблемы. Именно поэтому вопросы ранней диагностики, адекватного лечения и профилактики RED-S с учетом специфики вида спорта, пола и возраста имеют большое практическое значение.

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