Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66411310.31857/S0131164624050125ANVHVAОБЗОРЫReview ArticleMyokines as a Factor of Physiological InflammationМиокины как фактор физиологического воспаленияZakharovaA. N.ЗахароваА. Н.
Russian Federation
kapil@yandex.ruMilovanovaK. G.МиловановаК. Г.
Russian Federation
kapil@yandex.ruKrivoshchekovS. G.КривощековС. Г.
Russian Federation
kapil@yandex.ruKapilevichL. V.КапилевичЛ. В.
Russian Federation
kapil@yandex.ruNational Research Tomsk State UniversityНациональный исследовательский Томский государственный университетResearch Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineНаучно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины2011202450511313225022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664113

Currently, a new approach to the concept of “inflammation” has been formed. Increasing evidence indicates that cellular and molecular mediators of inflammation are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including tissue remodeling, metabolism, thermogenesis, and nervous system function. Given the diversity of biological processes involving inflammatory signals and cells, the traditional view of inflammation as a response to infection or tissue damage is incomplete, since inflammation can occur in the absence of these triggers. The review examines the effects caused by myokines produced during physical activity. It can be argued that these proteins are involved in ensuring adaptive changes, pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions to maintain homeostasis, and their overall effect can be characterized as physiological inflammation. At the same time, the mechanisms of transcription activation of many myokines differ significantly from similar mechanisms in cells of the immune system. This suggests that myokines can be considered as factors of physiological inflammation, which is not a pathological process, but ensures normal physiological reactions during physical activity. A hypothesis has been formulated about the role of myokines as factors stimulating the development of physiological inflammation. The effects caused by myokines produced during physical activity are involved in ensuring adaptive changes, anti-inflammatory reactions and maintaining homeostasis. Physiological inflammation can be considered as, in some way, an antagonist of pathological inflammation; it is due to this antagonism that many positive effects of physical activity, including metabolic disorders, can be realized.

В настоящее время сформирован новый подход к понятию “воспаление”. Все больше данных указывает на то, что клеточные и молекулярные медиаторы воспаления участвуют в широком спектре биологических процессов, включая ремоделирование тканей, метаболизм, термогенез и функцию нервной системы. Учитывая разнообразие биологических процессов, включающих воспалительные сигналы и клетки, традиционный взгляд на воспаление как реакцию на инфекцию или повреждение тканей является неполным, поскольку воспаление может формироваться и в отсутствие этих триггеров. В данном обзоре рассмотрены эффекты, которые вызывают миокины, продуцируемые на фоне физической нагрузки. Можно утверждать, что эти белки участвуют в обеспечении адаптационных изменений, про- и противовоспалительных реакциях для поддержания гомеостаза, и суммарный эффект их может быть охарактеризован как физиологическое воспаление. При этом механизмы активации транскрипции многих миокинов значительно отличаются от аналогичных механизмов в клетках иммунной системы. Это позволяет предположить, что миокины можно рассмтаривать как факторы физиологического воспаления, которое не является патологическим процессом, а обеспечивает нормальные физиологические реакции при физических нагрузках. Сформулирована гипотеза о роли миокинов как факторов, стимулирующих развитие физиологического воспаления. Эффекты, которые вызывают миокины, продуцируемые на фоне физической нагрузки, участвуют в обеспечении адаптационных изменений, противовоспалительных реакциях и поддержании гомеостаза. Физиологическое воспаление при этом можно рассматривать как в некотором роде антагониста патологического воспаления, именно за счет этого антагонизма могут реализовываться многие положительные эффекты физических нагрузок, в том числе при метаболических нарушениях.

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