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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164623700418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DIOHNG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunological Aspects of Reactivation of Latent Infections in Space Flight and Antarctica</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологические аспекты реактивации латентных инфекций в условиях космического полета и Антарктики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulgina</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульгина</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>sofiya.kayunova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жирова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antropov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антропова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаров</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутько</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rykova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыкова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарёв</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.grey@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Padua</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Падуи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, С.М. Шульгина, М.П. Рыкова, О.В. Кутько, В.А. Шмаров, Е.Н. Антропова, Э.А. Жирова, Е.А. Лысенко, К.Д. Орлова, Д.Д. Власова, С.А. Пономарёв</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, С.М. Шульгина, М.П. Рыкова, О.В. Кутько, В.А. Шмаров, Е.Н. Антропова, Э.А. Жирова, Е.А. Лысенко, К.Д. Орлова, Д.Д. Власова, С.А. Пономарёв</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">С.М. Шульгина, М.П. Рыкова, О.В. Кутько, В.А. Шмаров, Е.Н. Антропова, Э.А. Жирова, Е.А. Лысенко, К.Д. Орлова, Д.Д. Власова, С.А. Пономарёв</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">С.М. Шульгина, М.П. Рыкова, О.В. Кутько, В.А. Шмаров, Е.Н. Антропова, Э.А. Жирова, Е.А. Лысенко, К.Д. Орлова, Д.Д. Власова, С.А. Пономарёв</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664118">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664118</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257549624672">The complex of space flight (SF) factors can have a negative impact on the human organism, including the innate and adaptive immunity. One of the negative effects of impaired functional activity of the immune system is a decrease of latent infections immunological control. During short- and long-term SF, reactivation of latent viruses was shown, while the virus was detected in body fluids for some time after returning to Earth. Despite the fact that in most cases reactivation was asymptomatic, there are fears that during long expeditions into deep space, reactivation of latent pathogens can lead to the development of diseases that are dangerous to the crewmembers health. There is a lot of data about the viral pathogens reactivation in SF, but the reactivation of bacterial agents in cosmonauts has received almost no attention. Due to the complexity of conducting research in space, an important role is played by ground-based analog experiments that simulate the space station conditions. One of the most significant analogues of SF is the long-term Antarctic expedition, which makes it possible to obtain unique information about the effect of isolation, increased mental and physiological stress on the latent pathogens reactivation. Currently, latency is increasingly considered as a symbiotic existence of a pathogen and host, during which the human body acquires additional resistance to certain infectious agents. Thus, an important task of the upcoming research is a comprehensive analysis of the personal immunological status in the SF, establishing its relationship with the latent infections reactivation and developing systems for monitoring, preventing and treating the negative consequences of reactivation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257549619728">Комплекс факторов космического полета (КП) может оказывать негативное влияние на организм человека, в том числе и на системы врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета. Одним из негативных эффектов нарушения функциональной активности иммунной системы является снижение иммунологического контроля латентных инфекций. В ходе кратко- и долгосрочных КП была показана реактивация латентных вирусных агентов, при этом вирус обнаруживался в биологических жидкостях организма и в течение некоторого времени после возвращения на Землю. Несмотря на то, что в большинстве случаев реактивация проявлялось бессимптомно, есть опасения, что во время продолжительных экспедиций в дальний космос реактивация латентных патогенов может привести к развитию заболеваний, опасных для жизни и здоровья экипажа. Имеются довольно обширные сведения о реактивации вирусных патогенов в условиях КП, однако реактивация бактериальных агентов у космонавтов практически не изучена. В связи со сложностью проведения исследований в космических условиях, важную роль приобретают наземные аналоговые эксперименты, моделирующие условия пребывания человека в космосе. Одним из наиболее показательных аналогов КП является долгосрочное пребывание человека в условиях Антарктиды, которое дает возможность получить уникальные сведения о влиянии изоляции, повышенного психического и физиологического стресса на реактивацию латентных инфекций. В настоящее время латентность все чаще рассматривается с точки зрения симбиотического существования патогена и хозяина, в ходе которого организм человека получает дополнительную устойчивость к некоторым инфекционным агентам. Таким образом, важной задачей предстоящих исследований является комплексный анализ иммунологического статуса человека в условиях КП, установление его взаимосвязи с реактивацией латентных инфекций и разработка систем мониторинга, профилактики и лечения негативных последствий реактивации с учетом реалий КП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>latent infections</kwd><kwd>reactivation</kwd><kwd>space flight</kwd><kwd>Antarctica</kwd><kwd>herpesviruses</kwd><kwd>chlamydia</kwd><kwd>autoimmunity</kwd><kwd>cytokines.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>латентные инфекции</kwd><kwd>реактивация</kwd><kwd>космический полет</kwd><kwd>Антарктида</kwd><kwd>герпесвирусы</kwd><kwd>хламидии</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунитет</kwd><kwd>цитокины.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jordan M.C. Latent Infection and the Elusive Cytomegalovirus // Rev. Infect. Dis. 1983. V. 5. № 2. 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