Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences66412010.31857/S0131164623700406DLSNIPОБЗОРЫRisk of Thrombosis and Mechanisms of Activation of Hemostasis in Divers after DivingРиск тромбообразования и механизмы активации гемостаза у дайверов после погруженийKuzichkinD. S.КузичкинД. С.andre_markine@mail.ruMarkinA. A.МаркинА. А.andre_markine@mail.ruZhuravlevaO. A.ЖуравлеваО. А.andre_markine@mail.ruInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the RASФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН0111202349612813625022025Copyright ©; 2023, Д.С. Кузичкин, А.А. Маркин, О.А. ЖуравлеваCopyright ©; 2023, Д.С. Кузичкин, А.А. Маркин, О.А. Журавлева2023Д.С. Кузичкин, А.А. Маркин, О.А. ЖуравлеваД.С. Кузичкин, А.А. Маркин, О.А. Журавлеваhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/664120

The risks of decompression sickness and its complications in professional divers and amateur divers with various methods of diving in real and simulated conditions are considered. The pathogenesis of disorders of the plasma and vascular hemostasis system under the influence of environmental factors on the body during various types of dives is discussed. Generalization of the research results showed that the mechanisms of activation of thrombosis under this influence are complex and are caused by microbubble-mediated platelet activation as well as by development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative and psychophysiological stress. The study of hemostasis parameters in professional and amateur divers can be one of the main methods of assessing the risk of its development. The considered means of preventing thrombosis during diving and decompression, according to the results of the works included in the review, are quite effective.

В данном обзоре рассмотрены риски возникновения декомпрессионной болезни и ее осложнений у профессиональных водолазов и дайверов при различных способах погружения в реальных и моделируемых условиях. Обсуждается патогенез нарушений системы плазменного и сосудистого гемостаза при воздействии на организм факторов внешней среды при различных видах и типах погружений. Обобщение результатов исследований показало, что механизмы активации тромбообразования при данном воздействии являются комплексными и обусловлены опосредованной микропузырьками активацией тромбоцитов, а также развитием эндотелиальной дисфункции, оксидативного и психофизиологического стресса. Исследование параметров гемостаза у профессиональных водолазов и дайверов-любителей может быть одним из основных способов оценки риска ее развития. Рассмотренные средства профилактики тромбообразования при погружениях и декомпрессии, согласно результатам, включенных в обзор работ, являются достаточно эффективными.

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