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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684029</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164625030091</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TQFITL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Model of contrast sensitivity of the human visual system during stimulus movement</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модель контрастной чувствительности зрительной системы человека при движении стимула</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapunov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпунов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dc.cetsil@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoshina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шошина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shoshinaii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapunov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпунов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.shoshina@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей физики имени А.М. Прохорова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-12"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/684029">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/684029</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A model of contrast sensitivity of the human visual system when perceiving sinusoidal gratings moving at angular speeds of up to 1000 degrees per second is considered. The model is built on the basis of a tremor modulation signal, which is taken to be the difference in the concentration of the photoreagent at the extreme points of the tremor, normalized to the level of adaptation. The model details the dependence of contrast sensitivity on physiological factors such as photoreceptor size, amplitude and frequency of tremor for adaptation brightness of 0.001–1000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. The model establishes a relationship between the results of measuring the contrast sensitivity of the visual system and the results of measuring natural tremor oscillations of the eyes during the perception of stationary and dynamic stimuli.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматривается модель контрастной чувствительности зрительной системы человека при восприятии синусоидальных решеток, движущихся на угловых скоростях до 1000 градусов в секунду. Модель построена на основе треморного модуляционного сигнала, в качестве которого принята разность концентрации фотореагента в крайних точках тремора, нормированная на уровень адаптации. Модель детализирует зависимость контрастной чувствительности от таких физиологических факторов, как размер фоторецептора, амплитуда и частота тремора для яркости адаптации 0.001–1000 кд/м<sup>2</sup>. Модель устанавливает взаимосвязь результатов измерения контрастной чувствительности зрительной системы с результатами измерения естественных треморных колебаний глаз при восприятии стационарных и динамических стимулов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>response of the visual system to a sinusoidal wave</kwd><kwd>contrast sensitivity</kwd><kwd>tremor modulation signal</kwd><kwd>ocular microtremor</kwd><kwd>drift</kwd><kwd>brightness adaptation</kwd><kwd>two-pathway theory</kwd><kwd>magnocellular system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реакция зрительной системы на синусоидальную волну</kwd><kwd>контрастная чувствительность</kwd><kwd>треморный модуляционный сигнал</kwd><kwd>окулярный тремор</kwd><kwd>дрейф</kwd><kwd>яркость адаптации</kwd><kwd>теория двух потоков</kwd><kwd>магноцеллюлярная система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Barr D.C., Ross J. 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