Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences68990010.31857/S0131164625040071MRUPZGArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleCharacteristics of speech and emotional sphere of children with autism spectrum disordersХарактеристики речи и эмоциональной сферы детей с расстройствами аутистического спектраLyaksoE. E.ЛяксоЕ. Е.
Russian Federation
lyakso@gmail.comFrolovaO. V.ФроловаО. В.
Christmas Island
lyakso@gmail.comSaint-Petersburg State UniversityФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет04092025514951092608202526082025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0131-1646/article/view/689900

The aim of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of speech and emotional sphere of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The participants of the studies were 445 children aged 5–16 years: 175 children with ASD and 270 typically developing children. The comprehensive methodological approach including methods of spectrographic and phonetic analysis of speech, determining the physiological indicators of a child – hearing thresholds, phonemic hearing, dichotic listening test was used. The assessment of children’s emotional sphere development was conducted by standardized Child Emotional Development Method (CEDM), which includes test tasks for children on the manifestation of emotional states in voice, speech, facial expression and emotion recognition. Based on instrumental analysis, the acoustic features of the voice and speech of children with ASD were determined, which can be considered as biomarkers of the disease. The possibility of children with ASD to manifest and recognize emotions was shown. In children with ASD, the difficulties in manifesting emotional states in voice and facial expressions, recognizing emotions by abstract images and by the speech of other children were revealed. It was shown that the disease factor – the severity of autistic disorders was more important for emotional development of a child than the factor of age. The obtained data on the child speech features and the specificity of recognition and manifestation of emotions in children with ASD in complex contribute to a more accurate identification of disease markers and can be used in the development of automatic applications for the diagnosis of ASD.

Цель исследования – определить особенности речи и эмоциональной сферы детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС). С этой целью проведено два исследования с участием 445 детей в возрасте 5–16 лет: 175 детей с РАС и 270 типично развивающихся детей. Использован комплексный методический подход, включающий инструментальный спектрографический и фонетический анализ речи, методы определения физиологических показателей ребенка – порогов слуха, фонематического слуха, проведено дихотическое тестирование. Оценка сформированности эмоциональной сферы детей проведена по стандартизированной методике оценки эмоционального развития детей Child Emotional Development Method (CEDM), включающей тестовые задания на отражение детьми эмоциональных состояний в голосе, речи, мимической экспрессии и на распознавание эмоций. На основе инструментального анализа определены акустические характеристики голоса и речи детей с РАС, которые в совокупности могут служить биомаркерами заболевания. Показана возможность детей с РАС к отражению и распознаванию эмоций. Выявлены сложности в отражении детьми с РАС эмоциональных состояний в голосе и мимике, распознавании эмоций по абстрактным изображениям и по речи других детей. Установлено, что фактор заболевания – степень выраженности аутистических расстройств – оказывает более значимое влияние на речевое и эмоциональное развитие ребенка, чем фактор возраста. Полученные данные об особенностях речи детей, специфике распознавания детьми с РАС эмоциональных состояний и проявления эмоций, дополняя друг друга, способствуют более точному выделению маркеров заболевания и могут быть использованы при разработке автоматических приложений для диагностики РАС.

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