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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Earth Research from Space</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Earth Research from Space</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование Земли из космоса</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0205-9614</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5405</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0205961425010011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DHQRQZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О ЗЕМЛЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Vertical structure of the Antarctic polar vortex during sudden stratospheric warmings in 1988, 2002 and 2019 according to satellite observations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вертикальная структура антарктического полярного вихря во время внезапных стратосферных потеплений 1988, 2002 и 2019 гг. по данным спутниковых наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esav.pv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelieva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esav.pv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlinsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлинский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esav.pv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian academy of sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian academy of sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0205-9614/article/view/685788">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0205-9614/article/view/685788</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the MERRA-2 satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data, we examined the vertical structure of the Antarctic polar vortex during the sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) of 1988, 2002 and 2019. The significant displacements of the polar vortex were observed in 1988 and 2019, and the vortex splitting occurred in 2002. Differences in the vertical dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex during SSWs recorded due to displacement (1988 and 2019) or vortex splitting (2002) are shown. The weakening, displacement and subsequent breakdown of the polar vortex in 1988 and 2019 was observed first in the upper stratosphere, and then gradually spread into the middle and lower stratosphere within a month. Thus, the SSW in the lower stratosphere was preceded by a significant displacement of the polar vortex in the upper stratosphere a month before the event. While in 2002, before the split, the polar vortex was strong and stable at all stratospheric levels, the split was observed simultaneously in the middle and upper stratosphere, after which the vortex collapsed in the upper stratosphere, and existed for another month in the lower and middle stratosphere. In all cases, a decrease in wind speed along the vortex edge, an increase in temperature inside the vortex, melting of particles of polar stratospheric clouds and a decrease in ozone hole area were observed starting in late August. The earlier recovery of ozone hole occurred on 30 October 1988, 9 November 2002 and 6 November 2019, respectively.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе с использованием спутниковых данных MERRA-2 и данных реанализа ERA5 рассмотрена вертикальная структура антарктического полярного вихря во время ВСП 1988, 2002 и 2019 гг. В 1988 и 2019 гг. наблюдалось значительное смещение полярного вихря, в 2002 г. – расщепление. Показаны различия в вертикальной динамике антарктического полярного вихря при ВСП, регистрируемом вследствие смещения (1988 и 2019 гг.) или расщепления вихря (2002 г.). Ослабление, смещение и последующее разрушение полярного вихря в 1988 и 2019 гг. наблюдалось сначала в верхней стратосфере и затем постепенно распространялось в среднюю и нижнюю стратосферу в течение месяца. Таким образом, ВСП в нижней стратосфере предварялось значительным смещением вихря в верхней стратосфере за месяц до события. В свою очередь в 2002 г. до расщепления полярный вихрь был достаточно сильным и устойчивым на всех стратосферных уровнях, расщепление наблюдалось единовременно в средней и верхней стратосфере, после чего в верхней стратосфере вихрь разрушился, а в нижней и средней просуществовал еще месяц. Во всех случаях наблюдалось снижение скорости ветра по границе вихря, увеличение температуры внутри вихря, разрушение частиц полярных стратосферных облаков и уменьшение площади озоновой дыры начиная с конца августа. Более раннее затягивание озоновой дыры произошло соответственно 30 октября 1988 г., 9 ноября 2002 г. и 6 ноября 2019 г.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antarctic polar vortex</kwd><kwd>sudden stratospheric warming</kwd><kwd>polar stratospheric clouds</kwd><kwd>dynamic barrier</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антарктический полярный вихрь</kwd><kwd>внезапные стратосферные потепления</kwd><kwd>полярные стратосферные облака</kwd><kwd>динамический барьер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-17-00273</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ageeva V.Yu., Gruzdev A.N., Elokhov A.S., Mokhov I.I. 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