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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биологические мембраны</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0233-4755</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667414</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0233475524050018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ccbyml</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rhodopsin Project</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проект «Родопсин»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrovsky</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, биологический факультет, кафедра молекулярной физиологии</p></bio><email>ostrovsky3535@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>5-6</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>367</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0233-4755/article/view/667414">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0233-4755/article/view/667414</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review examines the history of the emergence, development, and achievements of the Rhodopsin project, organized by Yu.A. Ovchinnikov in 1973. The current state of some issues related to the structure and function of retinal-containing proteins – types I and II rhodopsins – is also presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассматривается история возникновения, развитие и достижения Проекта «Родопсин», организованного Ю.А. Овчинниковым в 1973 г. Также представлено современное состояние некоторых вопросов, связанных со структурой и функцией ретиналь-содержащих белков – родопсинов I и II типов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhodopsin</kwd><kwd>bacteriorhodopsin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>родопсин</kwd><kwd>бактериородопсин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122041400102-9</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Oesterhelt D., Stoeckenius W. 1971. Rhodopsin-like protein from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Nat. New. 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