Sensory SystemsSensory SystemsСенсорные системы0235-00923034-5936The Russian Academy of Sciences67576810.31857/S0235009224040026ADGJHYОБЗОРЫReview ArticleThe cochlear aqueduct and its significance in hearing pathology. Literature review and clinical caseВодопровод улитки и его значение в патологии слуха. Обзор литературы и собственное наблюдениеToropchinaL. V.ТоропчинаЛ. В.
Russian Federation
liyatoropchina@yandex.ruFBSEI APE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of RussiaГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации12122024384192628022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675768

The article presents a literature review on the human cochlear aqueduct. It describes the anatomy of the cochlear aqueduct that became available using high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bones, methods for assessing the size of the cochlear aqueduct, types of cochlear aqueducts, and reasons for the occasional lack of visualization of the cochlear aqueduct on computed tomograms. The criteria and validity of the concepts of “wide” and “narrow” cochlear aqueduct, the patency of the cochlear aqueduct and its changes with age, the role of the cochlear aqueduct in the development of purulent inflammation in the structures of the labyrinth of the inner ear, perilymphatic hypertension, and temporary perilymphatic hypotension are analyzed. The literature data show that the existence of an anatomically and functionally wide, or more precisely, excessively patent, cochlear aqueduct is possible. Pathological conditions of the cochlear aqueduct and its interaction with adjacent anatomical structures are discussed. A clinical case of unilateral fluctuating hearing loss is presented, in which a congenital anomaly of the inner ear development was detected on a CT scan – dehiscence between the abnormally large bulb of the jugular vein and the cochlear aqueduct. To assess the contribution of the aqueduct to the pathology of the inner ear, more attention to this anatomical structure and further accumulation of data are required.

В статье представлен обзор литературы о водопроводе улитки человека. Приведены особенности анатомии водопровода улитки, ставшие доступными при использовании высокоразрешающей компьютерной томографии височных костей, методы оценки размеров водопровода улитки, типы водопроводов улитки и причины иногда встречающегося отсутствия визуализации водопровода улитки на компьютерных томограммах. Анализируются критерии и правомерность понятий “широкий” и “узкий” водопровод улитки, проходимость водопровода улитки и ее изменения с возрастом, роль водопровода улитки в возникновении гнойного воспаления в структурах лабиринта внутреннего уха, перилимфатической гипертензии и временной перилимфатической гипотензии. Данные литературы показывают, что возможно существование анатомически и функционального широкого, а точнее, излишне проходимого водопровода улитки. Обсуждаются патологические состояния водопровода улитки и его взаимодействие с соседними анатомическими структурами. Приведено клиническое наблюдение односторонней флюктуирующей тугоухости, при котором на компьютерной томограмме была выявлена врожденная аномалия развития внутреннего уха – дегисценция между аномально крупной луковицей яремной вены и водопроводом улитки. Чтобы оценить вклад водопровода в патологию внутреннего уха, требуется большее внимание к этой анатомической структуре и дальнейшее накопление данных.

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