<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sensory Systems</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sensory Systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сенсорные системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5936</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">675781</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235009224020027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CUXUJA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical physiology of the central parts of the visual system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая физиология центральных отделов зрительной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serova</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серова</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nserova@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>38</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675781">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675781</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is a review of literature related to anatomy and function of the central visual pathways from the optic nerves, chiasm, optic tracts, lateral genicular body to the higher cortical centers. The focus is on the presenting clinical syndromes and subsequent lesion localization.</p> <p>In this review the evidence for retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration following acquired post-geniculate human visual pathway damage are discussed and proved by optical coherence tomography data. It has been shown that knowledge of the anatomy and functions of the central parts of the visual system allows to determine both the topic of the pathological process in the brain, and to evaluate the results of surgical and radiation treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья представляет собой обзор литературы, посвященный структуре и функции центральных отделов зрительной системы, начиная от переднего зрительного пути: зрительных нервов, хиазмы, зрительных трактов, наружного коленчатого тела, и далее – зрительной лучистости и зрительной коры, в преломлении клинических проявлений поражения этих образований. Представлены синдромы поражения центральных отделов зрительной системы в зависимости от уровня ее поражения. Приводятся доказательства возможного развития приобретенной нисходящей (ретроградной) транссинаптической дегенерации зрительного волокна по данным оптической когерентной томографии. Показано, что владение знанием анатомии, функции центральных отделов зрительной системы позволяет не только определить топику патологического процесса в головном мозге, но и оценить результаты хирургического и лучевого лечения пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual system</kwd><kwd>defeat</kwd><kwd>syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зрительная система</kwd><kwd>синдром</kwd><kwd>поражение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajandas F.J., McBeath J.B., Smith J.L. Congenital homonymous hemianopia. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1976. V. 82(3). P. 498–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(76)90502-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вит В.В. Строение зрительной системы человека. Одесса: Астропринт, 2003. 655 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ebeling U. Reulen H. Neurosurgical topography of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe. Acta Neurochir. 1988. V. 92 (1-4). P. 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01401969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеева Н.М. Спектральная оптическая когерентная томография при поражении различных участков зрительного пути. Материалы ХХ научно-практической нейроофтальмологической конференции. М., 2020. C. 9–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliseeva N.M. Spektralinay opticheskay kogerentnay tomografiy pri porazenii razlichnuch uchastkov zritelinogo puti [Spectral optical coherence tomography in lesions of various parts of the visual pathway]. Materialy XX nauchno-prakticheskoj nejrooftal’mologicheskoj konferencii. Moscow. 2020. P. 9–11 (in Russia).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеева Н.М., Пицхелаури Д.И., Серова Н.К. и др. Нарушение поля зрения после операций по поводу височной эпилепсии, обусловленной склерозом гиппокампа. Вопросы нейрохирургии. 2019. Т. 83. № 5. С. 14–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliseeva N.M., Pitskhelauri D.I., Serova N.K. Naruschenie poly zreniy posle operachii po povodu visochnoi epilepsii, obuslovlennoi sklerozom gippokampa. [Disturbance of the visual field after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis]. Voprosy Neirokhirurgii [Neurosurgery issues]. 2019. V. 83(5). P. 14–20 (in Russia).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеева Н.М., Серова Н.К., Еричев В.П., Панюшкина Л.А. Структурные изменения сетчатки и зрительного нерва при поражении центрального неврона зрительного пути. Вестник офтальмологии. 2017. Т. 133. № 4. С. 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliseeva N.M., Serova N.K., Erichev V.P., Panyushkina L.A. Strukturnue izmeneniy setchatki i zritelynogo nerva pri porazenii centralynogo nevrona zritelinogo puti [Structural changes in the retina and optic nerve in lesions of the central neuron of the optic pathway]. Vestnik ophthalmologii [Bulletin of Ophthalmology]. 2017. V. 133(4). P. 25–30 (in Russia).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеева Н.М., Серова Н.К., Пицхелаури Д.И. Вопросы нейрохирургии. 2021. Т. 85. № 6. С. 92–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliseeva N.M., Serova N.K., Pitskhelauri D.I. Retrograde degeneration of the optic pathway. Voprosy Neirokhirurgii. 2021. V. 85(6). P. 92–96 (in Russia).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кушель Ю.В. Сафронова Е.И., Дёмин М.О. Актуальность keyhole-доступов в хирургии гигантских опухолей основания головного мозга. Теоретическое обоснование на примере чрезбровного супраорбитального доступа. Вопросы нейрохирургии. 2022. Т. 86. № 5. С. 46–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutzwiller E., Cabrilo I., Radovanovich I. Intraoperative monitoring with visual evoked potentials for brain surgeries. J. Neurosurg. 2018. V. 130(2). P. 654–660. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.8.JNS171168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маряшев С.А., Огурцова А.А., Домбаанай Б.С. и др. Интраоперационная регистрация корковых зрительных вызванных потециалов при удалении глиомы затылочной доли. Клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы. Вопросы нейрохирургии. 2020. Т. 84. № 6. С. 93–99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horton J.C., Hoyt W.F. The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex. A revision of the classic Holmes map. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991. V. 109(6). P. 816–824. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080060080030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мосин И.М., Неудахина Е.А., Славинская Н.В. Гомонимная гемианопическая гипоплазия зрительного нерва у детей. Материалы IX научно-практической нейроофтальмологической конференции. М., 2007. С. 54–65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoyt W., Rios-Montenegro E., Behrens M. Homonymous hemioptic hypoplasia: Fundoscopic features in standard and red-free illumination in three patients with congenital hemiplegia. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1972. V. 56(7). P. 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.56.7.537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серова Н.К. Синдромы поражения зрительного анализатора: нейрохирургические аспекты. Клиническая нейроофтальмология. Под ред. Н.К. Серовой. Тверь, 2011. 343 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubel D. Eye, brain and vision. Moscow: MIR, 1990. 239 p. (in Russia).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хьюбел Д. Глаз, мозг, зрение. М.: МИР, 1990. 239 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bajandas F.J., McBeath J.B., Smith J.L. Congenital homonymous hemianopia. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1976. V. 82. № 3. P. 498–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(76)90502-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ebeling U., Reulen H. Neurosurgical topography of the optic radiation in the tempo-ral lobe. Acta Neurochir. 1988. V. 92. № 1-4. P. 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01401969</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gutzwiller E., Cabrilo I., Radovanovich I. Intraoperative monitoring with visual evoked potentials for brain surgeries. J. Neurosurg. 2018. V. 130. № 2. P. 654–660. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.8.JNS171168</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Horton J.C., Hoyt W.F. The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex. A revision of the classic Holmes map. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991. V. 109. № 6. P. 816–824. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080060080030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hoyt W., Rios-Montenegro E., Behrens M. Homonymous hemioptic hypoplasia: Fundoscopic features in standard and red-free illumination in three patients with congenital hemiplegia. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1972. V. 56. № 7. P. 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.56.7.537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jindahra P., Petrie A., Plant G. The time course of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration following occipital lobe damage in humans. Brain. 2012. V. 135. № 2. P. 534–541. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr324</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Jindahra P., Petrie A., Plant G. Retrograde trans-synaptic retinal ganglion cell loss identified by optical coherence tomography. Brain. 2009. V. 132. № 3. P. 628–634. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kamada K., Todo T., Morita A. Functional monitoring for visual pathway using real-time visual evoked potentials and optic-radiation tractography. Neurosurgery. 2005. V. 57. № 1. P. 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000163526.60240.b6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Keller J., Sánchez-Dalmau B.F., Villoslada P. Lesions in the posterior visual pathway promote trans-synaptic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. PLoS One. 2014. V. 9. № 5. P. e97444. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097444</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Kline L.B. Anatomy and physiology of the optic tracts and lateral geniculate nucleus. In: Walsh &amp; Hoyt Neuroophthalmology. Eds 5 by N. Miller, N. Newman. The Williams&amp;Wilkins Baltimore. 1998. V. 1. № 5. P. 101–120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Livingston C.A., Mustari M.J. The anatomical organization of the macaque pregeniculate complex. Brain Res. 2000. V. 876. № 1-2. P. 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02647-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>McFadzean R., Brosnahan D., Hadley D., Mutlukan E. Representation of the visual field in the occipital striate cortex. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1994. V. 78. № 3. P. 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.78.3.185</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Meier P.G., Maeder P., Kardon R.H., Borruat F. Homonymous ganglion cell layer thinning after isolated occipital lesion: macular OCT demonstrates transsynaptic retrograde retinal degeneration. J. Neuro-Ophthalmol. 2015. V. 35. № 2. P. 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000000182</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Murray M.M., Thelen A., Thut G. The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex. Neuropsychologia. 2016. V. 83. P. 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Ota T., Kawai K., Kamada J. Intraoperative monitoring of cortically recorded visual response for posterior visual pathway. J. Neurosurg. 2010. V. 112. № 2. P. 285–294. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.6.JNS081272</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Pasupathy A., Connor C.E. Shape representation in area V4: position-specific tuning for boundary conformation. J. Neurophys Sci. 2001. V. 86. № 5. P. 2505–2519. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2505</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Rizzo J.F. Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Afferent Visual Pathway. In: Walsh &amp; Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. 6th ed. by N. Miller, N. Newman. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins Copyright. 2005. V.I. Sec. I. P. 4–82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong F. Primary visual cortex and visual awareness. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003. V. 4. № 3. P. 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong F. Primary visual cortex and visual awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003. V. 4. № 3. P. 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wall M. Optic radiations and occipital cortex. In: Walsh &amp; Hoyt Neuroophthalmolog. Ed. 5 by N. Miller, N. Newman. Williams &amp; Wilkins Baltimore.1998. V.1. № 6. P. 121–151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wall M. Optic radiations and occipital cortex. In: Walsh &amp; Hoyt Neuroophthalmolog. Ed. 5 by N. Miller, N. Newman. Williams &amp; Wilkins Baltimore.1998. V. 1. № 6. P. 121–151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Zhaoping Li. A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2019. V. 58. P. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
