Sensory SystemsSensory SystemsСенсорные системы0235-00923034-5936The Russian Academy of Sciences67579410.31857/S0235009223040054ZHZRASОБЗОРЫExperimental Approaches to the Study of Sound Sources Localization by Distance in Hearing PathologyЭкспериментальные подходы к изучению локализации источников звука по расстоянию при патологии слухаOgorodnikovaE. A.ОгородниковаЕ. А.ogorodnikovaea@infran.ruKlishovaE. A.КлишоваЕ. А.ogorodnikovaea@infran.ruAndreevaI. G.АндрееваИ. Г.ogorodnikovaea@infran.ruPavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of SciencesФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова Российской академии наукSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук0110202337430131928022025Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук2023Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675794

The overview presents modern experimental approaches that are used to assess the ability to localize sound sources by distance in hearing pathology. The influence of the typical manifestations of hearing impairment on the processes of identifying the main localization cues – the signal level, the spectral features, binaural characteristics in auditory perception of the distance to stationary and moving sound or speech sources is considered. The review introduce to the results of the authors' own research and literature data on changes in hearing resolution by distance in sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral hearing loss, central auditory disorders, including age-related aspects of the problem. The compensatory potential of the auditory spatial function in non-invasive and invasive hearing aids, as well as its training with elements of acoustic virtual reality, is described. A methodical approach to forming of spatial scenes available for implementation in clinical practice is proposed.

В работе представлен обзор современных экспериментальных подходов, которые применяют для оценки способности к локализации источников звука по расстоянию при патологии слуха. Рассмотрено влияние характерных проявлений нарушений слуха на процессы выделения основных признаков локализации – уровня сигнала, особенностей его спектра, бинаурального взаимодействия при слуховом восприятии расстояния до неподвижных и движущихся источников звука или речи. В обзор включены результаты собственных исследований авторов и литературные данные об изменении разрешающей способности слуха по расстоянию при сенсоневральной тугоухости с разной степенью двусторонней и односторонней потери слуха, центральных слуховых расстройствах, включая возрастные аспекты проблемы. Описан компенсаторный потенциал слуховой пространственной функции при неинвазивном и инвазивном слухопротезировании, а также при ее тренировке с применением элементов акустической виртуальной реальности. Предложен методический подход к формированию пространственных сцен, который доступен для реализации в клинической практике.

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