<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sensory Systems</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sensory Systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сенсорные системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5936</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">675806</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235009223030058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZVGJKR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>СЛУХОВАЯ И ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНАЯ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inertial mass in the balance body of <italic>Pomacea Diffusa</italic>. Experiment on the biosatellite “Bion-11”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инерциальная масса в органе равновесия <italic>Pomacea diffusa</italic>. Эксперимент на биоспутнике “Бион-11”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorgiladze</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горгиладзе</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>gio119193@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации, Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>258</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675806">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675806</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181325143488">The inertial mass in the balance organ-statocyst of <italic>Pomacea diffusa</italic> was studied from the moment of hatching from eggs until the end of the life cycle, as well as the effects of weightlessness on the inertial mass during a 14-day orbital flight on the biosatellite “Bion-11”. As the snails grew older, the diameter of the statocyst increased from 150 μm to 650 μm, and the inertial mass contained in it increased from 11–13 statoconia to 700 statoconia. The internal structure of the statoconia had a layered structure with a nucleus in its central region. The main mineral element that gives statoconia heaviness is calcium carbonate, presented in the form of aragonite crystals. A 14-day exposure in weightlessness led to noticeable changes in the morphometric pattern of the inertial mass in the statocyst of flight snails in comparison with the control snails of synchronous tracking. In most of the statoconia, the form factor, length, and width indicators increased, which could indicate the stimulating effect of weightlessness on the inertial mass in the balance organ of <italic>Pomacea diffusa</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181325144288">Инерциальную массу в органе равновесия-статоцисте <italic>Pomacea diffusa</italic> изучали с момента вылупления улиток из яиц и до завершения жизненного цикла. Оценивали последствия воздействия невесомости на инерциальную массу в 14-суточном орбитальном полете на биоспутнике “Бион-11”. По мере взросления улиток диаметр статоциста возрастал с 150 до 650 мкм, а содержащаяся в нем инерциальная масса увеличивалась c 11–13 до 700 статоконий. Внутренняя структура статоконии имела слоистую структуру с ядром в ее центральном участке. Основной минеральный элемент, придающий статокониям тяжесть, это карбонат кальция, представленный в виде кристаллов арагонита. 14-суточная экспозиция в невесомости привела к заметным изменениям морфометрической картины инерциальной массы в статоцистах полетных улиток в сравнении с контрольными улитками синхронного сопровождения. У большей части статоконий возросли показатели площади, размера, периметра, формфактора, длины и ширины, что могло указывать на стимулирующее влияние невесомости на инерциальную массу в органе равновесия <italic>Pomacea diffusa</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>snail</kwd><kwd>statocyst</kwd><kwd>statoconia</kwd><kwd>weightlessness</kwd><kwd>biosatellite Bion-11</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>улитка</kwd><kwd>статоцист</kwd><kwd>статоконии</kwd><kwd>невесомость</kwd><kwd>биоспутник “Бион-11”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorgiladze G.I. Stimuliruyushcheye vliyaniye nevesomosti na rost statokoniy (eksperimenty na avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatakh “Foton” i “Resurs-F” i pilotiruyemom orbital’nom komplekse “Mir”) [The stimulating effect of weightlessness on the growth of statoconia (experiments on the automatic spacecraft “Photon” and “Resurs-F” and the manned orbital complex “Mir”)] Georgian Engineering News. 2001. № 4. P. 113–119 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Винников Я.А., Газенко О.Г., Титова Л.К. Рецептор гравитации. Серия “Проблемы космической биологии”. Т. XII. Л.: “Наука”, 1971. 523 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorgiladze G.I. Strukturno-funktsional’nyye osobennosti statotsista ulitok Helix lucorum. Orbital’naya stantsiya “Mir” [Structural and functional features of the statocyst of Helix lucorum snails. Orbital station “Mir”]. Mediko-biologicheskiye eksperimenty [Medico-biological experiments] 2002. V. 2. P. 366–383 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горгиладзе Г.И. Стимулирующее влияние невесомости на рост статоконий (эксперименты на автоматических космических аппаратах “Фотон” и “Ресурс-Ф” и пилотируемом орбитальном комплексе “Мир”). Georgian Engineering News. 2001. № 4. С. 113–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorgiladze G.I. Рlastichnost' inertsial’noy massy v organe izmenyayetsya v izmenyayushchemsya grafonnom pole [plasticity of the inertial mass in the balance organ in a changing gravitational field. Sensornyye sistemy. [Sensory systems]. 2020. V. 34. № 4. P. 267–282 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горгиладзе Г.И. Структурно-функциональные особенности статоциста улиток Helix lucorum. Орбитальная станция “Мир”. Медико-биологические эксперименты. 2002. Т. 2. С. 366–383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorgiladze G.I., Nosovskiy A.M., Bukiya R.D. Statolit Pomatias rivulare. [Statolith Pomatias rivulare]. Sensornyye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2013. V. 27. № 3. P. 216–223 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горгиладзе Г.И. Пластичность инерциальной массы в органе равновесия в изменяющемся гравитационном поле. Сенсорные системы. 2020. Т. 34. № 4. С. 267–282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorgiladze G.I. Strukturno-funktsional’nyye osobennosti statotsista ulitok Helix lucorum. [Structural and functional features of the statocyst of snails Helix lucorum]. Orbital’naya stantsiya “Mir”. Mediko-biologicheskiye eksperimenty. [Orbital station “Mir”. Biomedical experiments]. Moscow. 2002. V. 2. P. 366–383 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горгиладзе Г.И., Носовский А.М., Букия Р.Д. Статолит Pomatias rivulare. Сенсорные системы. 2013. Т. 27. № 3. С. 216–223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghesquiere S. Apple snail. 2007. (Stijn Ghesquiere. http://www.applesnail.net).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geuze J.J. Observations on the function and the structure of the statocysts of Lymnae stagnalis. Netherl. J. Zool. 1968. V. 18. № 2. P. 155–204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedrozo H.A., Schwartz Z., Luther M. A mechanism of adaptation to hypergravity in the statocyst of Aplysia californica. Hear. Res. 1996. V. 102. № 1–2. P. 51–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghesquiere S. Apple snail. 2007. (Stijn Ghesquiere. http://www.applesnail.net).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedrozo H.A., Wiederhold M.L. Effects of hypergravity on statocyst development in embryonic Aplysia californica. Hear. Res. 1994. V. 79. P. 137–146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedrozo H.A., Schwartz Z., Luther M. A mechanism of adaptation to hypergravity in the statocyst of Aplysia californica. Hear. Res. 1996. V. 102. № 1–2. P. 51–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinnikov Ya.A., Gazenko O.G., Titova L.K. Retseptor gravitatsii. [Gravity receptor]. Seriya “Problemy kosmicheskoy biologii”. [“Series Problems of Space Biology”]. V. XII. L. “Nauka”, 1971. 523 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedrozo H.A., Wiederhold M.L. Effects of hypergravity on statocyst development in embryonic Aplysia californica. Hear. Res. 1994. V. 79. P. 137–146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Wiederhold M.L., Harrison J.L., Ortiz C.A. Enhanced production of the “test mass” in the statocyst of pond snails reared in microgravity. Proc. Fifteenth Space Utilization Res. Sympos. Tokyo. 1999. V. 15. P. 89–92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Wiederhold M.L., Harrison J.L., Parker K.A., Nomura H. Otoliths developed in microgravity. J. Grav. Physiol. 2000. V. 7. № 2. P. 39–42.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiederold M.L., Pedrozo H.A., Harrison J.L. et al. Development of gravity-sensing organs in altered gravity conditions: opposite conclusions from an amphibian and a molluscan preparation. J. Grav. Physiol. 1997. V. 4. № 2. P. 51–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiederhold M.L., Pedrozo H.A., Harrison J.L. et al. Development of gravity-sensing organs in altered gravity conditions: opposite conclusions from an amphibian and a molluscan preparation. J. Grav. Physiol. 1997. V. 4. № 2. P. 51–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
