Sensory SystemsSensory SystemsСенсорные системы0235-00923034-5936The Russian Academy of Sciences67580810.31857/S0235009223020075QTGBIUОБЗОРЫProblems and prospects of new methods of light stimulation in visual rehabilitationПроблемы и перспективы новых методов световой стимуляции в зрительной реабилитацииZuevaM. V.ЗуеваМ. В.visionlab@yandex.ruKotelinV. I.КотелинВ. И.visionlab@yandex.ruNeroevaN. V.НероеваН. В.visionlab@yandex.ruFadeevD. V.ФадеевД. В.visionlab@yandex.ruMankoO. M.МанькоО. М.visionlab@yandex.ruHelmholtz Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца” Минздрава РоссииInstitute of Biomedical Problems RASФГБУН ГНЦ РФ “Институт медико-биологических проблем” РАН010420233729311828022025Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук2023Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675808

Neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy remain the leading causes of low vision and blindness worldwide. Visual rehabilitation of patients who are visually impaired due to neurodegenerative diseases of the retina requires solving problems associated with a violation of the structure of neural networks and a deficiency of visual functions provided by these networks. Despite certain successes in the application of innovative methods of therapy, it is important to develop new approaches to visual rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of visually impaired patients. In visual rehabilitation, not only medical, but also various non-pharmacological therapy strategies are widely used to protect and restore the structure of the retina and its function. Among them, a separate niche is occupied by the technologies of vision stimulation therapy (phototherapy), the analysis of the main aspects of which is the task of this review. The vector of new research in the field of phototherapy is aimed at developing methods that can maximize the plasticity of the visual system to increase the effectiveness of its protection and recovery in neurodegenerative pathology. In this regard, new technologies of fractal phototherapy have great potential in visual rehabilitation.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания сетчатки, такие как возрастная макулярная дегенерация, глаукома, диабетическая ретинопатия остаются ведущими причинами слабовидения и слепоты в мире. Зрительная реабилитация больных, слабовидящих вследствие нейродегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки, требует решения проблем, связанных с нарушением структуры нейронных сетей и дефицитом, обеспечиваемых этими сетями зрительных функций. Несмотря на определенные успехи в применении инновационных методов терапии, актуальна разработка новых подходов к зрительной реабилитации для повышения качества жизни слабовидящих пациентов. В зрительной реабилитации широко применяют не только медикаментозные, но и разнообразные нефармакологические стратегии терапии для защиты и восстановления структуры сетчатки и ее функции. Среди них отдельную нишу занимают технологии зрительной стимуляционной терапии (фототерапии), анализ основных аспектов которых является задачей данного обзора. Вектор новых исследований в области фототерапии направлен на разработку методов, способных максимизировать пластичность зрительной системы для повышения эффективности ее защиты и восстановления при нейродегенеративной патологии. В этой связи большой потенциал в зрительной реабилитации имеют новые технологии фрактальной фототерапии.

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