Sensory SystemsSensory SystemsСенсорные системы0235-00923034-5936The Russian Academy of Sciences67581010.31857/S0235009223020063QTCPSVЗРИТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМАThe response of adult adzuki been borer Ostrinia scapulalis to light stimuli in a wind tunnelРеакция имаго огневки Ostrinia scapulalis на световые стимулы в ветровом тоннелеZhukovskayaM. I.ЖуковскаяМ. И.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comSelitskayaO. G.СелицкаяО. Г.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comSchenikovaA. V.ЩениковаА. В.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comMiltsynA. A.МильцынА. А.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comGrushevayaI. V.ГрушеваяИ. В.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comKononchukA. G.КонончукА. Г.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comFrolovA. N.ФроловА. Н.mzhukovskaya@yahoo.comI.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RASИнститут эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАНAll-Russian Research Institute for Plant ProtectionВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений0104202337213013728022025Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук2023Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/675810

The attraction of nocturnal insects to light is a known phenomenon with unknown physiological mechanisms. Moths of the pyralid family are characterized by the most pronounced response to light, but the spectral preferences of these insects have not been studied. The adzuki been borers Ostrinia scapulalis, which live on dicotyledonous plants, are the ancestral form for the Asian and European corn borers, widespread pests of corn. Using a wind tunnel modified to deliver light stimuli, we tested the responses of males and females to light stimuli with wavelengths of 532, 440 and 365 nm at 2 lux, capable of stimulating photoreceptors of compound eyes (with maximum sensitivity of 352, 413, 480 and 530 nm) as well as simple ocelli, whose sensitivity had the main peak in ultraviolet and additional one in the green spectrum (360 and 520 nm). It turned out that ultraviolet was the most attractive stimulus. A small percentage of insects responded to green light, but showed a freezing reaction near the light source. The least attractive was blue light, which also caused freezes. Thus, the flight of O. scapulalis adults is induced by short-wavelength light, the response is more consistent with the sensitivity of the ocelli than the compound eyes; blue and green light leads to a masking effect.

Привлечение ночных насекомых светом – известный феномен с неизвестными физиологическими механизмами. Бабочки из надсемейства огневкообразных Pyraloidea характеризуются наиболее выраженной реакцией на свет, однако спектральные предпочтения этих насекомых не изучены. Огневка Ostrinia scapulalis, обитающая на двудольных растениях, вредитель конопли и хмеля, является предковой формой для восточного и европейского кукурузных мотыльков, широко распространенных вредителей кукурузы. При помощи ветрового тоннеля, модифицированного для подачи света, тестировали ответы самцов и самок на световые стимулы с максимумами эмиссии 532, 440 и 365 нм и освещенностью 2 лк, создаваемой в месте выпуска насекомого, способных стимулировать как фоторецепторы сложных глаз (с максимумами чувствительности 352, 413, 480 и 530 нм), так и простых глазков – оцеллей, чувствительность которых имеет главный пик в ультрафиолете и дополнительный в зеленой области спектра (360 и 520 нм). Оказалось, что наиболее привлекательным стимулом был ультрафиолет. На зеленый свет реагировал небольшой процент насекомых, при этом демонстрировавших реакцию замирания вблизи источника света. Наименее привлекательным был синий свет, который также вызывал замирания. Таким образом, лёт O. scapulalis вызывается коротковолновым светом. Эта реакция больше соответствует чувствительности оцеллей, чем сложных глаз. Синее или зеленое излучение приводит к реакции маскинга.

adzuki been borerOstrinia scapulalisresponse to lightultravioletphotoreceptionщетконогий мотылекOstrinia scapulalisреакция на светультрафиолетфоторецепцияGrushevaya I., Kononchuk A., Malysh S., Miltsyn A., Frolov A. Svetodiodnaya lovushka dlya monitoringa kukuruznogo motyl’ka Ostrinia nubilalis: rezul’taty ispytaniya v Krasnodarskom kraye [Led trap for monitoring of the еuropean corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis: the results of trials in Krasnodar territory]. Plant Protection News [Vestnik zashchity rasteniy]. 2019. V. 102 (4). P. 49–54 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2019-4-102-49-54Грушевая И.В., Конончук А.Г., Малыш С.М., Мильцын А.А., Фролов А.Н. Светодиодная ловушка для мониторинга кукурузного мотылька Ostrinia nubilalis: результаты испытания в Краснодарском крае. Вестник защиты растений. 2019. Т. 102. № 4. С. 49–54. https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2019-4-102-49-54Zhukovskaya M.I., Severina I.Y., Novikova E.S. Svetovoye antropogennoye zagryazneniye: deystviye na nasekomykh [Anthropogenic light pollution: Impact on insects] Biosphera [Biosphere]. 2022. V. 14 (2). P. 126–136 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v14i2.669Жуковская М.И., Северина И.Ю., Новикова Е.С. Световое антропогенное загрязнение: действие на насекомых. Биосфера. 2022. Т. 14. № 2. С. 126–136. https://doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v14i2.669Novikova E.S., Severina I.Y., Isavnina I.L., Zhukovskaya M.I. Down-regulation of the ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigment of the cockroach decreases the masking effect in short-wavelength illumination. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 2021. V. 51. P. 1002–1007. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11055-021-01158-3Новикова Е.С., Жуковская М.И. Реакция замирания под действием яркого света у американского таракана, Periplaneta americana. Сенсорные системы. 2017. Т. 31. № 1. С. 44–50.Svidersky V.L. Polet nasekomogo [Insect flight]. Moscow. Nauka Publ, 1980. P. 136. (in Russian).Свидерский В.Л. Полет насекомого. М.: Наука, 1980. С. 136.Frolov A.N. Biotaksonomicheskii analiz vrednykh vidov roda Ostrinia Hbn. [Biotaxonomic analysis of harmful species of the genus Ostrinia Hbn.] Etologiya nasekomykh [Ethology of insects] Trudy Vsesoyuznogo entomologicheskogo obshchestva. Leningrad. Nauka, 1984. P. 4–100 (in Russian).Фролов А.Н. Биотаксономический анализ вредных видов рода Ostrinia Hbn. Этология насекомых. Труды Всесоюзного энтомологического общества. Л.: Наука, 1984. Т. 66. С. 4–100.Frolov A.N. Upravlenie povedeniem vrednykh nasekomykh: svetovye, khimicheskie signaly i ikh sovmestnoe deistvie. [Control of the harmful insect behaviour: light, chemical signals and their combined action]. Entomologicheskoje Obozrenije. 2022. V. 101 (3). P. 453–502 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367144522030017Фролов А.Н. Управление поведением вредных насекомых: световые, химические сигналы и их совместное действие. Энтомологическое обозрение. 2022. Т. 101. № 3. С. 453–502. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367144522030017Frolov A.N., Grushevaya I.V., Kononchuk A.G. Sovremennye tipy lovushek dlya monitoringa cheshuekrylykh na primere kukuruznogo motyl’ka. [Modern types of traps for monitoring Lepidoptera using the example of the corn borer.] SPb Naukoemkie tekhnologii, 2021. P. 120. (in Russian).Фролов А.Н., Грушевая И.В., Конончук А.Г. Современные типы ловушек для мониторинга чешуекрылых на примере кукурузного мотылька. Монография. СПб. Наукоемкие технологии, 2021. С. 120.Shchenikova A.V., Zhukovskaya M.I., Selitskaya O.G., Grushevaya I.V., Frolov A.N. Chuvstvitel’nost’ obonyatel’noi sistemy u vidov-dvoinikov roda Ostrinia: preadaptatsiya k osvoeniyu novogo rasteniya-khozyaina? [Sensitivity of the olfactory system in twin species of the genus Ostrinia: pre-adaptation to the development of a new host plant?]. Zhurnal evolyutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii. [Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology]. 2020. V. 56 (7). P. 723-729 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S004445292007253XЩеникова А.В., Жуковская М.И., Селицкая О.Г., Грушевая И.В., Фролов А.Н. Чувствительность обонятельной системы у видов-двойников рода Ostrinia: преадаптация к освоению нового растения-хозяина? Журнал эволюционной биохимии и физиологии. 2020. Т. 56. № 7. С. 723–729. https://doi.org/10.31857/S004445292007253xBaker T.C., Linn C.E.Jr. Wind tunnels in pheromone research. Techniques in pheromone research. Eds Hummel H.E., Miller T.A. New York. Springer, 1984. Ch. 3. P. 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5220-7_3Baker T.C., Linn C.E. Jr. Wind tunnels in pheromone research. Techniques in pheromone research. Eds Hummel H.E., Miller T.A. New York. Springer, 1984. Ch. 3. P. 75–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5220-7_3Belušič G., Šporar K., Meglič A. Extreme polarisation sensitivity in the retina of the corn borer moth Ostrinia. J. Exp. Biol. 2017. V. 220. № 11. P. 2047–2056. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.153718Brady D., Saviane A., Cappellozza S., Sandrelli F. The circadian clock in Lepidoptera. Front. Physiol. 2021. V. 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.776826Cardé R.T., Hagaman T.E. Behavioral responses of the gypsy moth in a wind tunnel to air-borne enantiomers of disparlure. Environ. Entomol. 1979. V. 8. № 3. P. 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/8.3.475Charlton R.E., Kanno H., Collins R.D., Cardé R.T. Influence of pheromone concentration and ambient temperature on flight of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L), in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Physiol. Entomol. 1993. V. 18. № 4. P. 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993. tb00608.xCharlton R.E., Kanno H., Collins R.D., Cardé R.T. Influence of pheromone concentration and ambient temperature on flight of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L), in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Physiol. Entomol. 1993. V. 18 № 4. P. 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00608.xChen Q.X., Chen Y.W., Li W.L. Ultrastructural comparison of the compound eyes of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under light/dark adaptation. Arthropod Struct. Dev. 2019. V. 53. 100901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2019.100901Chen Q.X., Chen Y.W., Li W.L. Ultrastructural comparison of the compound eyes of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under light/dark adaptation. Arthropod Struct. Dev. 2019. V. 53. P. 100901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2019.100901Chiranjeevi M., Velmathi G. Phototactic behavior of yellow stemborer and rice leaf folder moths to surface mount device-light emitting diodes of various wavelengths. Int. J. Appl. Sci. 2021. V. 19. № 1. P. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.6703/IJASE.202203_19(1).005Colvin J., Brady J., Gibson G. Visually-guided, upwind turning behaviour of free-flying tsetse flies in odour-laden wind: a wind-tunnel study. Physiol. Entomol. 1989. V. 14. № 1. P. 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1989.tb00934.xEaton J.L., Tignor K.R., Holtzman G.I. Role of moth ocelli in timing flight initiation at dusk. Physiol. Entomol. 1983. V. 8. № 4. P. 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1983. tb00370.xFrolov A.N., Bourguet D., Ponsard S. Reconsidering the taxomony of several Ostrinia species in the light of reproductive isolation: a tale for Ernst Mayr. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2007. V. 91. № 1. P. 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00779.xHuang Y., Tatsuki S., Kim C.G., Hoshizaki S., Yoshiyasu Y., Honda H., Ishikawa Y. Identification of sex pheromone of adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 1997. V. 23. № 12. P. 2791–2802. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022567111508Huang Y., Takanashi T., Hoshizaki S., Tatsuki S., Ishikawa Y. Female sex pheromone polymorphism in adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis, is similar to that in European corn borer, O. nubilalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 2002. V. 28. № 3. P. 533–539. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014540011854Huang Y., Takanashi T., Hoshizaki S., Tatsuki S., Ishikawa Y. Female sex pheromone polymorphism in adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis, is similar to that in European corn borer, O. nubilalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 2002. V. 28. № 3. P. 533–539. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014540011854Ishikawa Y., Takanashi T., Kim C.G., Hoshizaki S., Tatsuki S., Huang Y. Ostrinia spp. in Japan: their host plants and sex pheromones. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 1999. V. 91. P. 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1890-5_30Isaacs R., Willis M.A., Byrne D.N. Modulation of whitefly take-off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues. Physiol. Entomol. 1999. V. 24. № 4. P. 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3032.00144.xIsaacs R., Willis M.A., Byrne D.N. Modulation of whitefly take-off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues. Physiol. Entomol. 1999.V. 24 № 4. P. 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3032.00144.xJakobsson J., Henze M.J., Svensson G.P., Lind O., Anderbrant O. Visual cues of oviposition sites and spectral sensitivity of Cydia strobilella L. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2017. V. 101. P. 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.006Kawahara A.Y., Plotkin D., Hamilton C.A., Gough H., St Laurent R., Owens H.L., Homziak N.T., Barber J.R. Diel behavior in moths and butterflies: a synthesis of data illuminates the evolution of temporal activity. Org. Divers. Evol. 2018. V. 18. № 1. P. 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0350-6Kelber A., Balkenius A., Warrant E.J. Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature. 2002. V. 419. P. 922–925. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01065Kelber A., Balkenius A., Warrant E.J. Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal hawkmoths. Integr. Comp. Biol. 2003. V. 43. P. 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.4.571Kim K.N., Song H.S., Li C.S., Huang Q.Y., Lei C.L. Effect of several factors on the phototactic response of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 2018. V. 21. P. 952–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.07.010Miller J.R., Roelofs W.L. Sustained-flight tunnel for measuring insect responses to wind-borne sex pheromones. J. Chem. Ecol. 1978. V. 4. № 2. P. 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988054Mizunami M. Functional diversity of neural organization in insect ocellar systems. Vision Res. 1995. V. 35. № 4. P. 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(94)00192-OMizunami M. Functional diversity of neural organization in insect ocellar systems. Vision Res. 1995. V. 35 № 4. P. 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(94)00192-OMöhl B. Sense organs and the control of flight. Insect flight. Ed. G. J. Goldsworthy. New York. CRC Press London, 1989. P. 75–97.Mrosovsky N. Masking: history, definitions, and measurement. Chronobiol. Int. 1999. V. 16. № 4. P. 415–429. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529908998717Mutuura A., Munroe E. Taxonomy and distribution of the European corn borer and allied species: genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 1970. V. 102. S71. P. 1–112. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10271fvPachkin A., Kremneva O., Leptyagin D., Ponomarev A., Danilov R. Light traps to study insect species diversity in soybean crops. Agronomy. 2022. V. 12. № 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102337Royer L., McNeil J.N. Effect of relative humidity conditions on responsiveness of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) males to female sex pheromone in a wind tunnel. J. Сhem. Ecol. 1993. V. 19. P. 61–69.Royer L., McNeil J.N. Effect of relative humidity conditions on responsiveness of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) males to female sex pheromone in a wind tunnel. J. Chem. Ecol. 1993. V. 19. P. 61–69.Somanathan H., Borges R.M., Warrant E.J., Kelber A. Nocturnal bees learn landmark colours in starlight. Curr. Biol. 2008. V. 18. № 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.023Takanashi T., Huang Y., Takahasi K.R., Hoshizaki S., Tatsuki S., Ishikawa Y. Genetic analysis and population survey of sex pheromone variation in the adzuki bean borer moth, Ostrinia scapulalis. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2005. V. 84. № 1. P. 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00421.xTakanashi T., Huang Y., Takahasi K.R., Hoshizaki S., Tatsuki S., Ishikawa Y. Genetic analysis and population survey of sex pheromone variation in the adzuki bean borer moth, Ostrinia scapulalis. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2005.V. 84. № 1. P. 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00421.xWakakuwa M., Stewart F., Matsumoto Y., Matsunaga S., Arikawa K. Physiological basis of phototaxis to near-infrared light in Nephotettix cincticeps. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 2014. V. 200. P. 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-014-0892-4Warrant E., Somanathan H. Colour vision in nocturnal insects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2022. V. 377. № 1862. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0285Van Kleef J., Berry R., Stange G. Directional selectivity in the simple eye of an insect. J. Neurosci. 2008. V. 28 (11). P. 2845–2855. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5556-07.2008Yang Z., Plotkin D., Landry J.F., Storer C., Kawahara A.Y. Revisiting the evolution of Ostrinia moths with phylogenomics (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Syst. Entomol. 2021. V. 46. № 4. P. 827–838. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12491Warrant E., Somanathan H. Colour vision in nocturnal insects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2022. V. 377. № 1862. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0285Van Kleef J., Berry R., Stange G. Directional selectivity in the simple eye of an insect. J. Neurosci. 2008. V. 28 (11). P. 2845–2855. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5556-07.2008Yang Z., Plotkin D., Landry J.F., Storer C., Kawahara A.Y. Revisiting the evolution of Ostrinia moths with phylogenomics (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Syst. Entomol. 2021. V. 46. № 4. P. 827–838. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12491