Sensory SystemsSensory SystemsСенсорные системы0235-00923034-5936The Russian Academy of Sciences68213310.31857/S0235009225010067UUOHUAОБОНЯТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМАResearch ArticleNicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to impaired function of the main olfactory system in male WISTAR raНикотинамид-стрептозотоцин-индуцированный сахарный диабет 2-го типа приводит к нарушению функционирования основной обонятельной системы у крыс-самцов линии WISTARGorskayaА. V.ГорскаяА. В.
Russian Federation
dvasilyev@bk.ruChistyakovaO. V.ЧистяковаО. В.
Russian Federation
dvasilyev@bk.ruVasilyevD. S.ВасильевД. С.
Russian Federation
dvasilyev@bk.ruSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук05042025391566503062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0092/article/view/682133

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a decreased olfactory function compared to healthy individuals. Hyposmia is more common in type 2 diabetes (DM2) and is characterized by a decreased ability to recognize odors, impaired olfactory memory, which reduces the quality of life of patients. The mechanisms of hyposmia require studies in animal models, but no such studies have been performed in most commonly used animal models of DM2. The aim of the present study was to investigate olfactory function in the model of nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced DM2 in rats using widely used behavioral tests of food search performance by smell and olfactory preference. The model of DM2 in male rats showed a decrease in performance and an increase in the time spent on searching for food objects by smell, compared to the control group, which suggests that diabetic animals develop hyposmia. The results of the test for differentiation of the pheromonal mimetic isovaleric acid from bio-indifferent odorants showed no differences between the groups. These results indicate that the development of DM2 in adult rats predominantly affects the functioning of the main olfactory system rather than the functioning of the additional system responsible for the perception of pheromones and pheromonal mimetics.

У пациентов с сахарным диабетом отмечается снижение обонятельной функции по сравнению со здоровыми людьми. Гипосмия чаще отмечается при диабете 2-го типа (СД2) и характеризуется снижением способности распознавать запахи, ухудшением обонятельной памяти, что снижает качество жизни пациентов. Механизмы развития гипосмии требуют изучения на экспериментальных моделях, однако на большинстве широко используемых животных моделях СД2 такие исследования не проводились. Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование обонятельной функции на модели никотинамид-стрептозотоцин-индуцированного СД2 у крыс с помощью широко используемых поведенческих тестов результативности поиска пищи по запаху и обонятельного предпочтения. На модели СД2 у крыс-самцов показано снижение результативности и повышение времени, затраченного на поиск пищевых объектов по запаху, по сравнению с контрольной группой, что может указывать на развитие гипосмии у диабетических животных. Результаты теста на дифференцировку феромонального миметика изовалериановой кислоты от биологически-индиферентных одорантов не выявили различий между группами. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что развитие СД2 у взрослых крыс преимущественно влияет на функционирование основной обонятельной системы, нежели на работу дополнительной, отвечающей за восприятие феромонов и феромональных миметиков.

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