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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Melts</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Melts</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Расплавы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5715</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">661259</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235010623050043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UZXFDK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRODE REACTION RATE ON A GRAPHITE CATHODE OF ALUMINUM-ION BATTERY WITH 1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вычисление предельной скорости электродной реакции на графитовом электроде алюминий-ионного источника тока с 1-этил-3-метилимидазолхлоридом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>druzginin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>druzginin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakin</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакин</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>druzginin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт новых материалов и технологий Уральского федерального университета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>502</fpage><lpage>512</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, К.В. Дружинин, А.С. Кукин, К.Ю. Балакин</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, К.В. Дружинин, А.С. Кукин, К.Ю. Балакин</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">К.В. Дружинин, А.С. Кукин, К.Ю. Балакин</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">К.В. Дружинин, А.С. Кукин, К.Ю. Балакин</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/661259">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/661259</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324912192">A method for determining the rate of sorption of chloraluminate complexes on graphite material as the main cathode reaction in aluminum-ion batteries with an ionic liquid as an electrolyte is proposed in terms of classic chemical kinetics approach. The method is applied to the description of the rate of a one-electron cathode reaction that is in the case the sorption/desorption of complexes on the electrode surface with no migration in the interlayer space of graphite taken into account. The experimental part is based on the selection and providing of measurement conditions and the ratio of the components of the cell to ensure that the rate of the cathode process sets the rate of current generation of the cell. The rate of supply/removal of electrons, as participants in the reaction, thus can be directly related to the reaction rate on graphite. The point of reaching the limiting current on the polarization curve in that case corresponds the limiting rate of the chemical sorption reaction. The approach takes into account the effect of other limiting processes, such as the rate of removal/supply of electrons, the rate of removal/supply of ions to/from the electrolyte volume, and the rate of anodic dissolution/deposition of aluminum. The calculated value of the reaction rate for graphite material grade EC-02 and low-temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride in a mixture with aluminum chloride (1 : 1.3) was calculated to be 46 µmol/cm<sup>2</sup> · s.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324911904">В рамках подхода стандартной химической кинетики предложен способ определения предельной скорости сорбции хлоралюминатных комплексов на графитном материале, как основной катодной реакции в алюминий-ионных источниках тока с ионной жидкостью в качестве электролита. Способ применен к описанию скорости одноэлектронной катодной реакции, представляемой, как сорбция/десорбция комплексов на электродной поверхности без учета миграции в межслоевом пространстве графита. Экспериментальная часть основана на подборе условий измерений и соотношения компонентов измерительной ячейки таким образом, чтобы скорость катодного процесса задавала скорость генерации тока элементом в целом. При соблюдении этого условия скорость подвода/отвода электронов, как участников реакции можно связать непосредственно со скоростью реакции на графите. В этом случае точка выхода на предельный ток на поляризационной кривой будет означать предельную скорость реакции хемосорбции. В рамках подхода учтено влияние других лимитирующих процессов – скорость отвода/подвода электронов, скорость отвода/подвода ионов в/из объема электролита, скорость анодного растворения/осаждения алюминия. Рассчитанная величина скорости реакции для графитного материала марки ЕС-02 и низкотемпературной ионной жидкости 1-этил-3-метилилмидазолхлорида в смеси с хлоридом алюминия (1 : 1.3) составила 46 мкмоль/см<sup>2 </sup>· с.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum-ion battery</kwd><kwd>carbon cathode</kwd><kwd>electrode reaction rate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алюминий-ионный источник тока</kwd><kwd>углеродный катод</kwd><kwd>скорость электродной реакции</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Muldoon J., Bucur C.B., Gregory T. Quest for nonaqueous multivalent secondary batteries: magnesium and beyond // Chem. Rev. 2014. 114. № 23. P. 11 683–11 720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muldoon J., Bucur C.B., Gregory T. Quest for nonaqueous multivalent secondary batteries: magnesium and beyond // Chem. Rev. 2014. 114. № 23. 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