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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Melts</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Melts</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Расплавы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5715</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679298</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235010625010037</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Specific electrical conductivity of molten (LiCl–KCl)<sub>eut</sub> – HfCl<sub>4</sub> mixtures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Удельная электропроводность расплавленных смесей (LiCl-KCl)<sub>эвт</sub> – HfCl<sub>4</sub></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salyulev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салюлев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salyulev@ihte.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>salyulev@ihte.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии Уральского отделения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Расплавы</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/679298">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/679298</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Electrical conductivity is one of the most important properties that are required for the proper organization of electrolytic processes occurring in molten salts, in particular, during the production and refining of metallic hafnium and its separation from zirconium. In this work, we have measured for the first time the electrical conductivity of molten HfCl<sub>4 </sub>mixtures with a low-melting solvent (LiCl-KCl)<sub>eut</sub>, which makes it possible to lower significantly (by hundreds of degrees) the temperature of technological processes. The liquidus line of this pseudobinary system has been also constructed for the first time at the HfCl<sub>4</sub> concentrations up to 30 mol. %. A specially designed capillary quartz cell with a constant in the range of 95.2–91.9 cm<sup>–1</sup> and high-purity chlorides were used to measure the electrical conductivity. The resistances of the molten mixtures in the HfCl<sub>4</sub> concentration ranges of 0–30 mol.% and temperatures of 780–1063 K were recorded using an AC bridge P-5058 at a frequency of 10 kHz, and the melt temperature was measured with a Pt/Pt–Rh thermocouple. It was found that the values of electrical conductivity of the molten (LiCl–KCl)<sub>eut.</sub>-HfCl<sub>4</sub> mixtures increase as the temperature increases from 0.86 to 2.08 S/cm. This occurs as a result of the increased ion mobility (simple and complex) and decreased melt viscosity. With an increase in the HfCl<sub>4 </sub>concentration, the electrical conductivity decreases. In the same direction, the concentration of relatively low-mobility complex groups HfCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> containing 6 chlorine anions tightly bound to the tetra-charged metal, increases in the melts. The concentration of the main current carriers, Li<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and especially the mobile Cl<sup>–</sup> anions, decreases more and more, which leads to a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the melt. In the molten (LiCl–KCl)<sub>eut.</sub>–ZrCl<sub>4</sub> mixtures that we studied earlier, the electrical conductivity decreases less as the tetrachloride concentration increases, which indicates a lower strength of the ZrCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> complexes compared to HfCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Электропроводность является одним из наиболее важных свойств, которые нужно знать для грамотной организации электролитических процессов, протекающих в солевых расплавах, в частности, при получении и рафинировании металлического гафния и его отделения от циркония. В настоящей работе нами впервые измерена электропроводность расплавленных смесей HfCl<sub>4</sub> с легкоплавким растворителем (LiCl-KCl)<sub>эвт</sub>, который дает возможность значительно (на сотни градусов) понизить температуру проведения технологических процессов. Также впервые построена линия ликвидуса данной псевдобинарной системы при концентрациях HfCl<sub>4 </sub>до 30 мол. %. Для измерения электропроводности использовали кварцевую ячейку капиллярного типа специальной конструкции с постоянной в пределах 95.2–91.9 см<sup>–1</sup> и высокочистые хлориды. Сопротивление расплавленных смесей в интервалах концентраций 0–30 мол. % HfCl<sub>4 </sub>и<sub> </sub>температур 780–1063 K фиксировали с помощью моста переменного тока Р-5058 на частоте 10 кГц, температуру расплава – Pt/Pt-Rh термопарой. Найдено, что электропроводность расплавленных смесей (LiCl-KCl)<sub>эвт.</sub>-HfCl<sub>4 </sub>возрастает при увеличении температуры в пределах от 0.86 до 2.08 См/см. Это происходит в результате повышения подвижности ионов (простых и комплексных) и снижения вязкости расплава. При увеличении концентрации HfCl<sub>4</sub> электропроводность уменьшается. В том же направлении в расплавах возрастает концентрация относительно мало подвижных комплексных группировок HfCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup>, содержащих 6 анионов хлора, прочно связанных с четырехзарядным металлом. Концентрация основных носителей тока: Li<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> и особенно подвижных анионов Cl<sup>–</sup> при этом все более понижается, что и приводит к уменьшению электропроводности расплава. В исследованных нами ранее расплавленных смесях (LiCl-KCl)<sub>эвт.</sub>–ZrCl<sub>4 </sub>при повышении концентрации тетрахлорида электропроводность снижается меньше, что свидетельствует о меньшей прочности комплексов ZrCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> по<sup> </sup>сравнению с HfCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrical conductivity</kwd><kwd>molten mixtures</kwd><kwd>LiCl-KCl eutectic</kwd><kwd>HfCl4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электропроводность</kwd><kwd>расплавленные смеси</kwd><kwd>эвтектика LiCl-KCl</kwd><kwd>HfCl4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov I.S. Primeneniye khlora v metallurgii redkikh i tsvetnykh metallov [Application of chlorine in metallurgy of rare and non-ferrous metals]. M.: Nauka. 1966. [In Russian]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов И.С. 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