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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Melts</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Melts</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Расплавы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5715</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691083</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235010625050027</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Random two-dimensional ensembles of polygonal particles: densification and statistical-geometric properties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Случайные двухмерные ансамбли многоугольных частиц: уплотнение и статистико-геометрические свойства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>fortran@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт металлургии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>430</fpage><lpage>443</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/691083">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/691083</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study investigates the densities and statistical-geometric characteristics of random packings of regular polygons (with 3 to 21 vertices) on a plane. The initial ensemble was generated using the random sequential adsorption (RSA) method. A densification algorithm for the packing is proposed, which is a modification of the Lubachevsky-Stillinger (LS) method. The final ensemble was obtained by gradually increasing the linear dimensions of two-dimensional particles while keeping the density of the square «box» fixed. The statistical-geometric characteristics and packing density of the final ensemble (for a given number of polygon vertices) were found to be practically independent of the number of particles (for a total number of particles on the order of 10⁴ or more). Data on pair correlation functions were obtained, and the evolution of these functions was analyzed across a wide range of packing densities. At packing densities (area fraction occupied by particles) exceeding 0.65–0.70, characteristic features emerge in these functions, indicating a structural transition analogous to the glass transition in a system of hard disks. Further densification leads to partial «crystallization», which (at densities above 0.80) is clearly visible both in visualized images of the ensemble itself and in the correlation function plots. Overall, the evolution of correlation functions for hard disks and polygons (especially those with more than 6 vertices) exhibits several common patterns. The results of this study are in good agreement with those obtained in other studies using fundamentally different densification algorithms (e.g., sedimentation under gravitational force). This suggests that different algorithms for generating random 2D ensembles generally lead to similar outcomes. It appears that the general structural properties of random two-dimensional systems of convex particles are well reproduced across different generation methods (including computational and «physical» modeling).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе исследованы плотности и статистико-геометрические характеристики случайных упаковок правильных многоугольников (с числом углов от 3 до 21) на плоскости. Начальный ансамбль генерировали методом случайной последовательной адсорбции (random sequential adsorption, RSA). Предложен алгоритм уплотнения (densification) упаковки, который является модификацией способа Любашевского–Стиллинджера (Lubachevsky-Stillinger, LS). Конечный ансамбль получали путем поэтапного увеличения линейных размеров двухмерных частиц при фиксированной плотности квадратного «бокса». Статистико-геометрические характеристики и плотность упаковки конечного ансамбля (при заданном числе углов полигонов) для данного алгоритма практически не зависят от количества частиц (при их общем числе порядка 10<sup>4</sup>и<sup> </sup>более). Получены данные о парных корреляционных функциях, проанализированы закономерности их эволюции в широком диапазоне плотностей упаковки ансамбля. При плотности (доле площади, занятой частицами), превышающей 0.65–0.70 в указанных функциях возникают характерные особенности, указывающие на структурный переход, аналогичный стеклованию (glass transition) в системе жестких дисков. Дальнейшее уплотнение приводит к частичной «кристаллизации», которая (при плотностях выше 0.80) хорошо заметна как на визуализированных изображениях самого ансамбля, так и на графиках корреляционных функций. В целом эволюция корреляционных функций жестких дисков и полигонов (особенно при числе углов, большем 6) демонстрирует ряд общих закономерностей. Данные этой работы хорошо согласуются с результатами других исследований, которые были получены с использованием кардинально других алгоритмов уплотнения (осаждение под действием гравитационной силы). Это позволяет сделать вывод о том, что различные алгоритмы получения случайных 2D-ансамблей, как правило, приводят в итоге к близким результатам. По-видимому, общие структурные особенности случайных двухмерных систем выпуклых частиц хорошо воспроизводятся при разных способах их генерации (включая компьютерное и «натурное» моделирование).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>random packing</kwd><kwd>densification</kwd><kwd>statistical-geometric properties</kwd><kwd>ensemble</kwd><kwd>polygon</kwd><kwd>hard disk</kwd><kwd>maximum density</kwd><kwd>pair correlation function</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>случайная упаковка</kwd><kwd>уплотнение</kwd><kwd>статистико-геометрические свойства</kwd><kwd>ансамбль</kwd><kwd>многоугольник</kwd><kwd>жесткий диск</kwd><kwd>максимальная плотность</kwd><kwd>парная корреляционная функция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Brouwers H.J.H. A geometric probabilistic approach to random packing of hard disks in a plane // Soft Matter. 2023. V.19. 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