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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Melts</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Melts</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Расплавы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0235-0106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5715</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691089</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0235010625050085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the possibility of formation of low-melting high-entropy alloys of the Al-Zn-Bi-Pb-Sn-In-Ga-Sb system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка возможности образования легкоплавких высокоэнтропийных сплавов системы Al-Zn-Bi-Pb-Sn-In-Ga-Sb</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyinykh</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильиных</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ninail@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelyukh</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лелюх</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ninail@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ninail@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gelchinskiy</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гельчинский</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ninail@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rempel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ремпель</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ninail@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Metallurgy named after Academician N.A. Vatolin, Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>507</fpage><lpage>521</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/691089">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0235-0106/article/view/691089</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Solders with a low melting point are necessary to solve the problem of integration of microcircuits and the reliability of their packaging, as well as to reduce thermal loads. To develop the next generation of electronic components, it is necessary to develop technologies for producing low-temperature compounds. This problem can be solved by creating solders, including those made of high-entropy alloys, differing in that they are characterized by the formation of solid solutions. These materials must be resistant to fatigue loads, exhibit plasticity, and adhere to other metallic materials. To reduce their toxicity, it is necessary to eliminate lead, which is usually found in solders. This paper presents the results of calculations of melting temperature, thermal conductivity, size factorδr, generalized thermodynamic parameter Ω, electronegativity, valence electron concentration, enthalpy, entropy, Gibb’s energy of mixing and other properties and parameters for 56 variants of five-component alloys of equiatomic composition from low-melting elements: Al, Zn, Bi, Pb, Sn, In, Ga and Sb, including, lead. The HEAPS program was used for the calculation, taking into account the inaccuracy in this program of the melting temperatures of tin, antimony, and indium, which differ from the observed ones. The VEC values for In, Sn, and Sb have been clarified. Based on the analysis of the calculated data, the compositions of potentially high-entropy alloys (HES) have been identified. It is shown that all alloys containing lead, as well as GaBiZnSnIn, GaBiZnSbIn, and AlGaBiZnIn alloys, do not satisfy the values of the δr parameter. They can form multiphase solid solutions, intermetallic compounds (IMC), and bulk-amorphous metallic glasses. The remaining variants of lead-free HEA-solders satisfy most parameters and can form solid solutions, with only AlGaZnSnSb being single–phase, and all others being multiphase solid solutions. The accumulated relatively large array of experimental and theoretical data can provide clarification of the criteria for the formation of the structure and properties of lead-free wind farms, which are in demand in practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Припои с низкой температурой плавления необходимы для решения проблемы интеграции микросхем и надежности их упаковки, а также снижения тепловых нагрузок. Для разработки следующего поколения компонентов электронной техники необходимо развитие технологий получения низкотемпературных соединений. Эта проблема может быть решена созданием припоев, в том числе из высокоэнтропийных сплавов, отличающихся тем, что для них характерно образование твердых растворов. Эти материалы должны удовлетворять устойчивости к усталостным нагрузкам, проявлять пластичность, адгезию к другим металлическим материалам. Для снижения их токсичности необходимо исключить свинец, который обычно содержится в припоях. В настоящей работе приведены результаты расчетов температуры плавления, теплопроводности, размерного фактораδr, обобщенного термодинамического параметра Ω, электроотрицательности, концентрации валентных электронов (VEC), энтальпии, энтропии, энергии Гиббса смешения и других свойств и параметров для 56 вариантов пятикомпонентных сплавов эквиатомного состава из легкоплавких элементов: Al, Zn, Bi, Pb, Sn, In, Ga и Sb, в том числе, включая свинец. Для расчета использовалась программа HEAPS с учетом неточности в этой программе значений температур плавления олова, сурьмы, индия, которые отличаются от наблюдаемых. Уточнены значения VEC для In, Sn, Sb. На основании анализа расчетных данных выявлены составы потенциально высокоэнтропийных сплавов (ВЭС). Показано, что все сплавы, содержащие свинец, а также сплавы GaBiZnSnIn, GaBiZnSbIn и AlGaBiZnIn, не удовлетворяют значениям параметра δr. Для них возможно образование многофазных твердых растворов,интерметаллических соединений (ИМС) и объемно-аморфных металлических стекол. Оставшиеся варианты составов бессвинцовых ВЭС-припоев удовлетворяют большинству параметров и могут образовывать твердые растворы, причем только AlGaZnSnSb является однофазным, а все остальные – многофазными твердыми растворами. Накопленный сравнительно большой массив экспериментальных и теоретических данных может обеспечить уточнение критериев формирования структуры и свойства бессвинцовых ВЭС, востребованных на практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-entropy alloys (HEAs)</kwd><kwd>low-melting elements</kwd><kwd>disordered solid solutions</kwd><kwd>semiempirical parameters</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокоэнтропийные сплавы (ВЭС)</kwd><kwd>легкоплавкие элементы</kwd><kwd>неупорядоченные твердые растворы</kwd><kwd>полуэмпирические параметры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y. High-entropy materials: a brief introduction. Singapore: Springer Nature. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8526-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Murty B.S., Yeh J.W., Ranganathan S., Bhattacharjee P.P. High-entropy alloys. 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