Vol 37, No 3 (2026)

The process of bone formation is called osteogenesis or ossification. After osteoblast lineages are formed by progenitor cells, they undergo three stages of cellular differentiation: proliferation, matrix maturation, and mineralization. Bone mineral content in neonates varies with birth weight relative to gestational age, maternal chronic diseases, and mineral and vitamin status. Reduced bone formation in low-for-gestational-age infants may be due to reduced transplacental mineral transfer. The neonatal period and early childhood are important periods for bone accumulation, and peak bone mass may correlate with subsequent osteogenesis. Biochemical and radiographic indices of skeletal health in children are presented. Recommendations for treatment and prevention are discussed.

Systematization of current data on the use of VR technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with motor impairments after joint arthroplasty, with an emphasis on the specifics of application in menopausal women.

Peelings are currently widely used in cosmetology and are an important part of modern skin care due to their ability to improve its texture and appearance, and smooth out age-related changes. Peelings help solve not only aesthetic problems, but are also a non-invasive, highly effective way to solve many dermatological pathologies.

The paper presents elements of the theory of applying the vital prognostic index (VPI), as well as methods for obtaining group trends of patients and predicting the values of digitized medical examination data, a classifier of group trends of dependencies of critically important parameters of digitized medical examinations, the concept of using the VPI to predict patient conditions using digital twins, and a method for determining the time of onset of vital indicators of critically important parameters. An example of using this method is considered, and the results of computational experiments to determine the time of onset of vital indicators of critically important parameters are presented.

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-release lappaconitine hydrobromide at a minimal dose of 25 mg twice daily in patients with ventricular premature beats (VPBs) without structural heart disease.

Materials and methods. This open retrospective prospective study included 50 patients (22 men) aged 35–70 years with frequent VPBs (> 500 per day according to 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring). In 39 patients, the analysis was retrospective, while 11 patients were enrolled prospectively. All patients underwent two Holter ECG recordings: before treatment initiation and after 2–3 weeks of therapy with extended-release lappaconitine hydrobromide at a dose of 25 mg twice daily. Quantitative parameters were normalized to 24 hours. Efficacy was assessed by changes in the number of single and paired VPBs, episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), the ectopic burden index, and the proportion of responders according to current clinical guideline criteria. Safety was evaluated by changes in heart rate and P-wave, QRS complex and PQ, QT, QTc intervals duration.

Results. The mean number of single VPBs decreased by 78.0% (p < 0.001), and paired VPBs by 94.4% (p < 0.001). Episodes of NSVT were completely eliminated (p < 0.001). Guideline-defined efficacy criteria were achieved in 86.0% of patients for single VPBs, 62.1% for paired VPBs, and 100% for NSVT. The ectopic burden index decreased by 71.2% (p < 0.001). No significant effects on heart rate were observed. A statistically significant but clinically minimal prolongation of PQ and QRS intervals was noted.

Conclusion. Extended-release lappaconitine hydrobromide at a minimal dose of 50 mg per day provides a substantial and statistically significant reduction in ventricular ectopic activity in patients without structural heart disease and demonstrates a favorable safety profile when administered twice daily.

Cardialgia is heart pain of any nature and intensity, which often motivates patients to seek medical attention. Physicians of many specialties are faced with the task of determining the cause of cardialgia and selecting integrative therapeutic strategies. Scientific research is needed to identify new possibilities in prevention, treatment methods, and modern strategies for personalized patient care. A modern field of neurology, neurodietology, is based on knowledge of neuroscience and dietetics and aims to optimize the treatment of neurological diseases through qualitative and quantitative manipulation of dietary composition and nutritional prophylaxis when possible. It is necessary to study the possibility of incorporating a diet using a combination of herbal preparations into the treatment of patients with cardialgia to modulate pain sensations and to theoretically justify its use in this patient population. A review of available literature published and indexed in domestic and international abstract databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Elibrary). The search was performed using keywords: cardialgia, neurodietology. Available literature data on the pathogenesis of chronic pain and its classification are summarized, with special attention paid to cardialgia within the structure of psychovegetative disorders as a dysfunction of integrative nonspecific brain systems, disrupting cognitive, autonomic, sensory, humoral, and other mechanisms involved in pain generation. Modern principles of neurodietology in complex treatment are described.

Examines injuries in hockey as one of the most pressing issues facing modern sports medicine and epidemiology. Domestic and foreign epidemiological data are presented according to the level of sports events, gender and age of athletes, localization of injury, as well as characteristics of internal and external risk factors.

Along with outpatient and inpatient treatment, the provision of medical care in a day hospital (DH) is becoming increasingly popular. Recently, more and more patients with functional somatic disorders, such as recurrent pain syndrome (headache, abdominal pain, or back pain), have been seeking medical attention for examination and further treatment. If left untreated, these conditions can lead to chronic pain and significantly impact the quality of life.

After our survey, we found that a large number of patients with dizziness and headaches had low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Given the significant role of the BDNF in modulating neuroplastic processes, the decrease in its level that we have identified in our patients can probably be considered a metabolic marker of the presence of neurodegenerative processes in the brain tissue of patients with dizziness and headache.

Significant differences in the percentage ratio were found in patients with different levels of plasma BDNF concentration, depending on the frequency of headache episodes. Approaches to the treatment and prevention of BDNF levels in the body in recurrent headache are described. The expediency of using both drug-based and non-drug-based treatment methods in a day hospital setting is substantiated, and these methods are described in detail in the recommendations for discharge from the day hospital.

The article presents a clinical case of a 59-year-old female patient who developed an acute hypocalcemic crisis with tetany and laryngospasm 23 years after thyroidectomy. Severe hypocalcemia was detected against a background of decreased parathyroid hormone levels and hyperphosphatemia. This clinical case highlights the need for regular monitoring of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone levels in patients after thyroidectomy, regardless of the time since surgery, especially when signs of renal dysfunction appear.

Objective. To assess brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Materials and Methods. The study included 92 patients with T2DM and a history of ASCVD, including 43 men and 49 women, with a mean age of 63.84 ± 10.6 years and a mean HbA1c level of 8.4 ± 2.61%. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 43) – patients with T2DM and ASCVD and a history of vascular events; Group 2 (n = 49) – patients with T2D and ASCVD, without a history of vascular events.

Results. No correlation was found between BNP levels and the age of the patients (p > 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between BNP levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = -0.70; p < 0.001). In Group 1, the median BNP level was higher than in Group 2 – 26.8 and 21.9 pg/mL, respectively. Lower BNP levels were observed in obese patients (n = 55) – 20.4 pg/mL – compared with non-obese patients (n = 37) – 40.9 pg/mL (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. A negative correlation between BNP and LVEF was found in patients with T2DM and ASCVD. Higher BNP levels were observed in T2DM patients with a history of vascular events. In obese patients, BNP levels were 2 times lower than in non-obese patients, regardless of age and the presence of a history of vascular events.

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare heterogeneous disorder associated with mutations in the NLRP3 gene and increased secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1). In the familial form, CAPS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that it is enough to receive one “defective” copy of the gene from one of the parents for the disease to develop. Rash is a key symptom, this symptom is the leading one. Regardless of which syndrome has developed in the patient, it has the same characteristics: it is a migratory macular-papular rash (like urticaria), which is usually not accompanied by itching. Early diagnosis and rapid onset of IL-1 inhibition prevent organ damage.

Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent progressive disease characterized by the proliferation of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. The etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis remain the subject of debate today due to the lack of a unified theory that can explain all the clinical forms of this disease. Traditionally, endometriosis is divided into genital and extragenital. Endometriosis is a disease with an extremely variable clinical picture, which often makes it difficult to diagnose. Modern diagnostics is moving away from laparoscopy, which has long been an invasive "gold standard", to diagnostics based on non-invasive methods and high-quality imaging. Treatment of endometriosis is comprehensive and is aimed at relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, treating infertility and preventing relapses.

Purpose. To study the associations and role of cerebral blood flow characteristics as predictors and markers of the presence of migraine in adolescents.

Materials and methods. A total of 262 adolescents (boys and girls) aged 12-17 years were examined, including 38 with migraine (the study group) and 224 adolescents of the same age without a history of migraine episodes (the comparison group). Cerebral blood flow was assessed by rheoencephalography using a Mitsar-Reo computer rheograph (Russia).

Results. Changes in cerebral blood flow parameters in adolescents with migraine were multidirectional, with gender-related differences in the parameters studied. The informative value of the vertebrogenic dependence of cerebral blood flow to the left vertebral artery as a marker for the presence of migraine in female adolescents was established.

Conclusion. The identified changes in cerebral blood flow indicators in adolescents with migraine justify the need for their early diagnosis and drug correction.