Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis in disseminated ovarian cancer


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Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. The overwhelming majority of cases were diagnosed with advanced stages of the process in the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and parenchymal metastases. The extent of the disease is the most important prognostic factor. The 5-year survival rate for all types of ovarian cancer is 46% and varies substantially according to the stage: 92% for a localized process, 75% for locally advanced one, and only 29% among patients with distant metastases. The localization of secondary changes and the degree of damage considerably affect the likelihood of successful cytoreductive surgery that in turn determines the long-term prognosis of the disease. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is the standard for the preoperative staging of ovarian cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of MSCT depend primarily on the size and location of peritoneal implants that have a similar density to adjacent unaltered structures. This problem becomes especially urgent in the absence of ascites. The potential of multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) to improve the accuracy of staging of disseminated ovarian cancer and a response to the treatment performed is now increasingly discussed. This publication describes in detail the semiotics of disseminated ovarian cancer, presents the authors’ own verified clinical cases, and analyzes the capabilities of MRI in diagnosing different tumor dissemination patterns.

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About the authors

Egor M. Syrkashev

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: e_syrkashev@oparina4.ru
MD, Researcher of the Radiology Department

Alina E. Solopova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: a_solopova@oparina4.ru
MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Radiology

Elena G. Kulabukhova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Radiology Department

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