<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">247070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE ASSESSMENT OF PAIN IN VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS DURING CAPILLARY BLOOD SAMPLING AND THE USE OF NONDRUG ANALGESIA MODES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ОЦЕНКА БОЛИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ОЧЕНЬ НИЗКОЙ И ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНО НИЗКОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА ПРИ ЗАБОРЕ КАПИЛЛЯРНОЙ КРОВИ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ОБЕЗБОЛИВАНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>TERLYAKOVA</surname><given-names>O. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>ТЕРЛЯКОВА</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>terolganeo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>BAIBARINA</surname><given-names>E. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>БАЙБАРИНА</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор департамента развития медицинской помощи детям и службы родовспоможения</p></bio><email>baibarina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>IONOV</surname><given-names>O. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>ИОНОВ</surname><given-names>Олег Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>dr.ionov@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>ANTONOV</surname><given-names>A. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>АНТОНОВ</surname><given-names>Альберт Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>oritn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>BALASHOVA</surname><given-names>E. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>БАЛАШОВА</surname><given-names>Екатерина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая по клинической работе отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>katbal99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>KRYUCHKO</surname><given-names>D. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>КРЮЧКО</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p></bio><email>krdarya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO10 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№10 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/247070">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/247070</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analgesia in very low and extremely low birth weight (VLBW, ELBW) infants is an urgent problem. Both drug and non-drug analgesic modes are used. Every method has its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, changing the glycemic status during painful procedures may lead to sequels unfavorable for the baby. Objective. To evaluate the glycemic status in VLBW and ELBW infants during painful maneuvers (finger pricking) and the efficiency of nondrug anesthetic modes. Subject and methods. Forty-three neonatal infants, including 22 ELBW and 21 VLBW infants, treated in the intensive care unit, V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, were examined. All the infants were divided into three groups: 1) 11 babies who were anesthetized with glucose solution; 2) 14 neonates who were given a pacifier for pain relief. These infants were compared with a control group of 18 babies who were not anesthetized. Results. Skin conduction examination of the infants when pricking the finger showed differences in peak/sec values between the control and 20% glucose solution groups (Me = 0.31 [0.2-0.43] Hz and Me = 0.125 [0.05-0.215] Hz, respectively; p = 0.026; Mann Whitney U-test) and between the control and pacifier groups (Me = 0.31 [0.2 0.43] Hz and 0.07 [0.05-0.1] Hz, respectively; р = 0.001; Mann Whitney U-test). In both groups, blood glucose levels remained within the normal range. Both before and 30 minutes after the painful maneuver, the blood glucose levels in Group 1 were 5.2±1.5 and 5.3±2.2 mmol/l, respectively; and these were 5.6±1.6 and 5.5±1.1 mmol/l in Group 2 and 5,4±1.1 and 5.6±1.1 mmol/l in the control group. Conclusion. Pacifier-sucking or 20% glucose solution use was clinically effective and safe in pain relief when finger capillary blood was sampled in premature neonatal infants. The use of glucose solution for pain relief was not followed by the development of hyperglycemia in extremely premature babies during painful maneuvers. This pain assessment method using an algesimeter is probably most accurate than subjective pain assessment (with a pain rating scale).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Оценка гликемического статуса у детей с очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела (ОНМТ и ЭНМТ) при выполнении болезненных манипуляций (укол пальца) и эффективности применения нефармакологических методов обезболивания. Материал и методы. Обследованы 43 новорожденных (из них 22 ребенка с ЭНМТ, 21 ребенок с ОНМТ при рождении), находившиеся в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии ФГБУ НЦАГиП им. академика В.И. Кулакова. 1-я группа — 11 детей, которым проводилось обезболивание раствором глюкозы, 2-я — 14 новорожденных, которым во время болезненной процедуры в качестве обезболивания использовали пустышку. Сравнение проводили с контрольной группой, которую составили 18 пациентов (без обезболивания). Результаты. При исследовании кожной проводимости во время укола пальца получены различия в значениях пик/сек между контрольной группой и при применении 20% раствора глюкозы (Me=0,31 [0,2;0,43] Hz и Me=0,125 [0,05;0,215] Hz соответственно, р=0,026, U-критерий Манна-Уитни); между контрольной группой и при применении пустышки (Me=0,31 [0,2;0,43] Hz и 0,07 [0,05;0,1] Hz соответственно, р=0,001, U-критерий Манна-Уитни). В обеих группах уровень гликемии оставался в пределах нормативных значений как в момент проведения манипуляций, так и через 30 мин после болезненной процедуры (уровень гликемии в 1-й группе — 5,2±1,5 ммоль/л до процедуры, после 5,3±2,2 ммоль/л; во 2-й группе до процедуры 5,6±1,6 ммоль/л, после — 5,5±1,1 ммоль/л; в контрольной группе соответственно до процедуры 5,4±1,1 ммоль/л, после — 5,6±1,1 ммоль/л). Заключение. Использование сосания пустышки и применение 20% раствора глюкозы было клинически эффективным и безопасным в облегчении боли при взятии капиллярной крови из пальца у недоношенных детей. Применение раствора глюкозы у глубоко недоношенных детей во время болезненных процедур не сопровождается развитием гипергликемии. Вероятно, метод оценки боли с использованием алгезиметра является наиболее точным в сравнении с субъективной оценкой боли (шкальная оценка боли).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature infants</kwd><kwd>pain assessment methods</kwd><kwd>anesthesia modes</kwd><kwd>blood glucose level</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>методы оценки боли</kwd><kwd>методы обезболивания</kwd><kwd>уровень глюкозы в крови</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Anand K.J.S. Clinical importance of pain and stress in preterm neonates. Biol. Neonate. 1998; 73(1): 1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Anand K.J.S., Stevens B.J., McGrath P.J., eds. Pain in neonates and infants. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Chiswick M.L. Assessment of pain in neonates. Lancet. 2000; 355: 6-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Gelinas C., Johnston C. Pain assessment in the critically ill ventilated adult: validation of the critical-care pain observation tool and physiologic indicators. Clin. J. Pain. 2007; 23: 497-505.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Painter P., Morrison J., Evens R., Painter P., Morrison J., Evens R. Galvanic skin response. Differences in organic and psychogenic pain of children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1965; 110: 265-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Edelberg R. Electrical properties of the skin. In: Brown C.C., ed. Methods in psychophysiology. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1967: 1-59.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Grimnes S. Psychogalvanic reflex and change in electrical parameters of dry skin. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 1982; 20: 734-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Wallin B.G., Sundlöf G., Delius W. The effect of carotid sinus nerve stimulations on muscle and skin nerve sympathetic activity in man. Pflugers Arch. 1975; 358(2): 101-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Gjerstad A.C., Storm H., Wallin G. Evaluation of the skin conductance method by using microneurographi. (abstract). Chicago: ISAP; 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Storm H., Fremming A., Odegaard S., Martinsen O.G., Morkrid L. The development of a software program for analyzing spontaneous and externally elicited skin conductance changes in infants and adults. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2000; 111: 1889-98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Storm H. The development of a software program for analyzing skin conductance changes in preterm infants. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2001; 112: 1562-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mize M.M., Aguirre Vila-Cord A., Prager T.C. The relationship between postnatal skin maturation and electrical skin impedance. Arch. Dermatol. 1989; 125(5): 647-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Hagbarth K.E., Hallin R.G., Hongell A. General characteristics of sympathetic activity in human skin nerves. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1971; 84: 164-76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Nessman C., Baverel F. Etude histologique du development de la peaus chez pembryon et le foetus humain. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod. (Paris). 1972; 1(6): 527-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Harpin C.A., Rutter N. Development of emotional sweating in the newborn infant. Arch. Dis. Child. 1982; 57: 691-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Bellieni C.V., Buonocore G., Nenci A., Franci N., Cordelli D.M., Bagnoli F. Sensorial saturation: an effective analgesic tool for heel-prick in preterm infants. Biol. Neonate. 2001; 80: 15—8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Hebb A.L., Poulin J.F., Roach S.P., Zacharko R.M., Drolet G. Cholecystokinin and endogenous opioid peptides: interactive influence on pain, cognition, and emotion. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2005; 29(8): 1225—38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Johnston C.C., Stevens B.J. Experience in a neonatal intensive care unit affects pain response. Pediatrics. 1996; 98: 925-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Johnston C.C., Filion F., Snider L., Majnemer A., Limperopoulos C., Walker C.-D. et al. Routine sucrose analgesia during the first week of life in neonates younger than 31 weeks’ postconceptional age. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(3): 523-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Holsti L. Occupational therapists play an important role in managing pain in infants in neonatal intensive care units. Occup. Ther. Now. 2010; 14(5): 8-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Lugt N.M., Smits-Wintjiens V.E., Zwieten P.H., Walther F.J. Short and long term outcome of neonatal hyperglycemia in very preterm infants: a retpospective follow-up study. BMC Pediatr. 2010; 10: 52-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Carver T.D., Anderson S.M., Aldoretta P.W., Esler A.L., Hay W.W.Jr. Glucose suppression of insulin secretion in chronically hyperglycemic fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 1995; 38: 754-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ng S.M., May J.E., Emmerson A.J. Continuous insulin infusion in hyperglycaemic extremely-low-birth-weight neonates. Biol. Neonate. 2005; 87(4): 269-72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Heimann K., Peschgens T., Kwiecien R., Stanzel S., Hoernchen H., Merz U. Are recurrent hyperglycemic episodes and median blood glucose level a prognostic factor for increased morbidity and mortality in premature infants ≤1500 g? J. Perinat. Med. 2007; 35: 245-8.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
