<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">247612</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2016.4.16-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current morphological classification of damages to the placenta</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная морфологическая классификация повреждений плаценты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolev</surname><given-names>Alexander Ivanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголев</surname><given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of medical science, professor, head of department for pathological anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. патологоанатомическим отделением</p></bio><email>ashegolev@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ НЦАГиП им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-18"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/247612">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/247612</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. Analyze the current morphological classification and characteristics of major damages to the placenta. Subject and methods. The paper presents the data available in the literature on the international morphological classification of placental damages, designed by the Amsterdam Placenta Working Group (2014). Results. According to this classification, all placental changes are merged into 3 groups: vascular, inflammatory, and so-called other disorders. Vascular disorders are divided into two subgroups: maternal and fetal ones that are in turn subdivided into developmental, perfusion, and vascular integrity impairments. Inflammatory lesions are also divided into two groups: inflammatory-infectious and immune (idiopathic) ones. The group of other damages to the placenta includes abnormalities of placentation, placental shapes, and umbilical cord attachment. Conclusion. The main task of the morphological classification is noticed to make a consensus on the definition and characterization of major placental damages for their practical introduction in order to clarify the clinical significance and to develop targeted exposures. The current terminology of the placenta and its structures, which is given as a Russian-language version of the International Embryological Terminology, is also presented. The specific features of taking placental tissue samples for further histological examination are indicated.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель работы. Анализ современной морфологической классификации и характеристик основных повреждений плаценты. Материал и методы. Представлены данные литературы о современной международной морфологической классификации повреждений плаценты, разработанной Амстердамской рабочей группой по изучению плаценты (2014). Результаты. Согласно данной классификации все изменения плаценты объединены в три группы: сосудистые нарушения, воспалительные и так называемые другие. Сосудистые нарушения разделены на две подгруппы: нарушения со стороны матери и плода, которые в свою очередь подразделяются на нарушения развития, перфузии и целостности сосудов. Воспалительные поражения также разделены на две группы: воспалительно-инфекционные и иммунные (идиопатические). В группу других поражений плаценты входят нарушения плацентации, аномалии формы плаценты и прикрепления пуповины. Заключение. Отмечено, что основной задачей морфологической классификации является принятие консенсуса по определению и характеристикам основных поражений плаценты для внедрения их в практику исследования с целью выяснения клинического значения и разработки таргетных воздействий. Приведена также современная терминология плаценты и ее структур, представленная в Русскоязычной версии Международной эмбриологической терминологии. Указаны особенности взятия образцов тканей плаценты для последующего гистологического исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>terminology</kwd><kwd>damage</kwd><kwd>pregnancy complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>терминология</kwd><kwd>повреждение</kwd><kwd>осложнения беременности</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Кулаков В.И., Орджоникидзе Н.В., Тютюнник В.Л. Плацентарная недостаточность и инфекция. М.; 2004. 494с. [Kulakov V.I., Ordzhonikidze N.V., Tyutyunnik V.L. Placentary insufficiency and infection. Мoscow, 2004. 494 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Norwitz E.R. Defective implantation and placentation: laying the blueprint for pregnancy complications. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 2006; 13(4): 591-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. The clinical implications of placental diagnoses. Semin. Perinatol. 2015; 39: 2-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Колесников Л.Л., Шевлюк Н.Н., Ерофеева Л.М., ред. Terminologia embriologica. Международные термины по эмбриологии человека с официальным списком русских эквивалентов. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2014. [Kolesnikov L.L., Shevljuk N.N., Erofeeva L.M., eds. Terminologia embrio-logica. The international terms on эмбриологии the person with the official list of Russian equivalents. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2014. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Langston C., Kaplan C., Macpherson T., Manci E., Peevy K., Clark B. et al. Practice guideline for examination of the placenta. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1997; 121(5): 449-76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. Placental pathology: a systematic approach with clinical correlations. Placenta. 2008; 29(Suppl. A): S86-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Милованов А.П. Патология системы мать-плацента-плод. М.: Медицина; 1999. 272с. [Milovanov A.P. Pathology of mother-placenta-fetus system. Moscow: Meditsina; 1999. 272 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. Classification of placental lesions. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 213(4, Suppl.): S21-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Щёголев А.И., Дубова Е.А., Павлов К.А. Морфология плаценты. М.; 2010. 48с. [Shchegolev A.I., Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A. The morphology of the placenta. M.; 2010. 48 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Низяева Н.В., Волкова Ю.С., Муллабаева С.М., Щеголев А.И. Методические основы изучения ткани плаценты и оптимизация режимов предподготовки материала. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 8: 10-8. [Nizyaeva N.V., Volkova Yu.S., Mullabaeva S.M., Shchegolev A.I. The methodical bases for placental tissue examination and the optimization of material pre-preparation regimens. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 8: 10-8. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Roberts D.J., Post M.D. The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J. Clin. Pathol. 2008; 61(12): 1254-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Kaufmann P., Black S., Huppertz B. Endovascular trophoblast invasion: implications for the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia. Biol. Reprod. 2003; 69(1): 1-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W., Boyd T., Campbell V., Hyde S., Kaplan C., Khong T.Y. et al. Maternal vascular underperfusion: nosology and reproducibility of placental reaction patterns. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2004; 7(3): 237-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Stanek J. Chorionic disk extravillous trophoblasts in placental diagnosis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2011; 136(4): 540-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Harris B.A.Jr. Peripheral placental separation: a review. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 1988; 43(10): 577-81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W., Wilson-Costello D. Chronic peripheral separation of placenta: the significance of diffuse chorioamnionic hemosiderosis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1999; 111(6): 804-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R. Distal villous immaturity. Diagn. Histopathol. 2012; 18(5): 189-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>de Laat M.W., van der Meij J.J., Visser G.H., Franx A., Nikkels P.G. Hypercoiling of the umbilical cord and placental maturation defect: associated pathology? Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2007; 10(4): 293-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Stallmach T., Hebisch G., Meier K., Dudenhausen J.W., Vogel M. Rescue by birth: defective placental maturation and late fetal mortality. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001; 97(4): 505-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ogino S., Redline R.W. Villous capillary lesions of the placenta: distinctions between chorangioma, chorangiomatosis, and chorangiosis. Hum. Pathol. 2000; 31(8): 945-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Bagby C., Redline R.W. Multifocal chorangiomatosis. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2010; 14(1): 38-44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>McCowan L.M., Becroft D.M. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, placental abnormalities, and gestational proteinuric hypertension. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994; 83(5, Pt 2): 813-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W., Zaragoza M.V., Hassold T. Prevalence of developmental and inflammatory lesions in non-molar first trimester spontaneous abortions. Hum. Pathol. 1999; 30(1): 93-100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Dicke J.M., Huettner P., Yan S., Odibo A., Kraus F.T. Umbilical artery Doppler indices in small for gestational age fetuses: correlation with adverse outcomes and placental abnormalities. J. Ultrasound Med. 2009; 28(12): 1603-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Pham T., Steele J., Stayboldt C., Chan L., Benirschke K. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: a report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2006; 126(1): 67-78.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Павлов К.А., Дубова Е.А., Щеголев А.И. Мезенхимальная дисплазия плаценты. Акушерство и гинекология. 2010; 5: 15-20. [Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shchegolev A.I. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya/ Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010; 5: 15-20 (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Павлов К.А., Дубова Е.А., Полянчикова О.Л., Щеголев А.И. Извитость пупочного канатика новорожденного. Акушерство и гинекология. 2011; 7-2: 83-6. [Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Polyanchikova, Shchegolev A.I. Tortuosity of the neonatal umbilical cord. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011; 7-2: 83-86. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. Correlation of placental pathology with perinatal brain injury. In: Baergen R.N., ed. Placental pathology. vol. 6. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2013: 153-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W., Pappin A. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: the clinical significance of extensive avascular villi. Hum. Pathol. 1995; 26(1): 80-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Kaplan C., Blanc W.A., Elias J. Identification of erythrocytes in intervillous thrombi: a study using immunoperoxidase identification of hemoglobins. Hum. Pathol. 1982; 13(6): 554-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Naeye R.L., Maisels J., Lorenz R.P., Botti J. The clinical significance of placental villous edema. Pediatrics. 1983; 71(4): 588-94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W., Minich N., Taylor H.G., Hack M. Placental lesions as predictors of cerebral palsy and abnormal neurocognitive function at school age in extremely low birth weight infants (&lt;1 kg). Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2007; 10(4): 282-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Avagliano L., Locatelli A., Danti L., Felis S., Mecacci F., Bulfamante G.P. Placental histology in clinically unexpected severe fetal acidemia at term. Early Hum. Dev. 2015; 91(5): 339-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Глуховец Б.И., Глуховец Н.Г. Восходящее инфицирование фето-плацентарной системы. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2006. [Gluhovec B.I., Gluhovec N.G. Ascending инфицирование feto-placentary system. М: the MEDPRESS-INFORM, 2006. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Blanc W. Pathology of the placenta and cord in ascending and hematogenous infections. In: Marshall W., ed. Perinatal infections. CIBA Foundation Symposium 77. London (UK): Excerpta Medica; 1980: 17-38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Kim C.J., Yoon B.H., Romero R., Moon J.B., Kim M., Park S.S. et al. Umbilical arteritis and phlebitis mark different stages of the fetal inflammatory response. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001; 185(2): 496-500.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Rogers B.B., Alexander J.M., Head J., McIntire D., Leveno K.J. Umbilical vein interleukin-6 levels correlate with the severity of placental inflammation and gestational age. Hum. Pathol. 2002; 33(3): 335-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Altshuler G., Russell P. The human placental villitides: a review of chronic intrauterine infection. Curr. Top. Pathol. 1975; 60: 63-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. Villitis of unknown etiology: noninfectious chronic villitis in the placenta. Hum. Pathol. 2007; 38(10): 1439-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Liao X., Leon-Garcia S.M., Pizzo D.P., Parast M. Maternal obesity exacerbates the extent and severity of chronic villitis in the term placenta. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2015; 18: e1-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Boyd T.K., Redline R.W. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis: a placental lesion associated with recurrent reproductive loss. Hum. Pathol. 2000; 31(11): 1389-96.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Adams-Chapman I., Vaucher Y.E., Bejar R.F., Benirschke K., Baergen R.N., Moore T.R. Maternal floor infarction of the placenta: association with central nervous system injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. J. Perinatol. 2002; 22(3): 236-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Щёголев А.И., Бурдули Г.М., Дубова Е.А., Павлов К.А. Патология пупочного канатика. М.; 2011. 72с. [Shchegolev A.I., Burduli G.M., Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A. Pathology of the umbilical cord. Moscow; 2011. 72 p. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Баев О.Р. Аномалии прикрепления плаценты. Акушерство и гинекология. 2009; 5: 3-6. [Baev O.R. Anomalies of an attachment of a placenta. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009; 5: 3-6 (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Naeye R.L. Sudden death in infants. In: Gilbert-Barness E., ed. Potter’s pathology of the fetus, infant and child. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2007; vol.1: 857-69.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Redline R.W. Elevated circulating fetal nucleated red blood cells and placental pathology in term infants who develop cerebral palsy. Hum. Pathol. 2008; 39(9): 1378-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Bryant C., Beall M., Mcphaul L., Forston W., Ross M. Do placental sections accurately reflect umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell differential counts? J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006; 19(2): 105-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Cohen M.C., Peres L.C., Al-Adnani M., Zapata-Väzquez R. Increased number of fetal nucleated red blood cells in the placentas of term or near-term stillborn and neonates correlates with the presence of diffuse intradural hemorrhage in the perinatal period. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2014; 17(1): 1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Miller P.W., Coen R.W., Benirschke K. Dating the time interval from meconium passage to birth. Obstet. Gynecol. 1985; 66(4): 459-62.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
