Obstetrics and GynecologyObstetrics and GynecologyАкушерство и гинекология0300-90922412-5679Bionika Media24911210.18565/aig.2021.5.25-32ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleGestational diabetes mellitus: screening and diagnostic criteria in early pregnancyГестационный сахарный диабет: скрининг и диагностические критерии в ранние сроки беременностиAbramovaM. EАбрамоваМ. Е

graduate student in the Department of Pregnancy Pathology

аспирант I отделения акушерского патологии беременности

m_abramova@oparina4.ruKhodzhaevaZ. SХоджаеваЗ. С

M.D., Professor, Deputy Director of Obstetrics Institute

д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора Института акушерства

zkhodjaeva@mail.ruGorinaK. AГоринаК. А

PhD, Junior researcher at the Department of Pregnancy Pathology

м.н.с. I отделения акушерского патологии беременности

k_gorina@oparina4.ruMuminovaK. TМуминоваК. Т

PhD, Junior researcher of the Department of Pregnancy Pathology

к.м.н., м.н.с. I отделения акушерского патологии беременности

k_muminova@oparina4.ruGoryunovK. VГорюновК. В

PhD, researcher at the Department of Cell Technologies

к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий

k_gorunov@oparina4.ruRagozinA. KРагозинА. К

MD, PhD, assistant professor

к.м.н., доцент кафедры эндокринологии и диабетологии ФДПО

a_ragozin@mail.ruSilachevD. NСилачевД. Н

PhD, Head of the Department of Cell Technologies

д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией клеточных технологий

d_silachev@oparina4.ruAcademician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава РоссииN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России150520215NO5 (2021)№5 (2021)253219022023Copyright ©; 2021, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2021, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2021Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/249112

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GSD) is the most common complication of pregnancy. As one of the causes of perinatal and neonatal diseases, GSD presents a high risk of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases to both the mother and her baby. Currently, the diagnosis of GSD is based on venous plasma glucose levels at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy and at the beginning of the third trimester. But it should be noted that medical interventions to correct hyperglycemia in these periods are not effective enough and are frequently late to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in the mother and fetus. Early detection of GSD and, consequently, timely correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders contribute to the optimization of perinatal outcomes. That is why the problem of diagnosing carbohydrate metabolism disorders in early pregnancy is particularly relevant. This paper reviews the data currently available in the literature on GSD screening and early diagnosis. Conclusion. Further investigations are needed for the prediction and early diagnosis of GSD to determine the most appropriate strategy for the clinical management of women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является наиболее часто встречающимся осложнением беременности. Являясь одной из причин перинатальной и неонатальной заболеваемости, ГСД представляет высокий риск хронических метаболических и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний как у матери, так и у потомства. В настоящее время диагностика ГСД основана на оценке уровня глюкозы в венозной плазме крови в конце II и в начале III триместров беременности. Но следует отметить, что медицинские вмешательства по коррекции гипергликемии в эти сроки являются недостаточно эффективными и нередко запоздалыми для предотвращения неблагоприятных исходов беременности для матери и плода. Раннее выявление ГСД и, следовательно, своевременная коррекция нарушений углеводного обмена способствуют оптимизации перинатальных исходов. Именно поэтому особенно актуальна проблема диагностики нарушений углеводного обмена в ранние сроки беременности. В данной статье представлен обзор современных литературных данных, касающихся скрининга и ранней диагностики ГСД. Заключение. Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований в области прогнозирования и ранней диагностики ГСД для определения наиболее подходящей стратегии клинического ведения женщин с нарушением углеводного обмена.

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