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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">249126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2021.6.47-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The problem of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women. Prevention opportunities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблема саркопении у женщин в постменопаузальном периоде. Возможности профилактики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandakova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандакова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department №2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии № 2</p></bio><email>selena11perm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukovskaya</surname><given-names>Inna G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковская</surname><given-names>Инна Геннадиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>zhoukovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5th year student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка V курса</p></bio><email>kate77tim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO6 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№6 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/249126">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/249126</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review gives the definition of sarcopenia (2018), presenting it as “a syndrome characterized by a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength”; outlines the background, epidemiology, etiology, provides the concepts of myokines and muscle tissue as an endocrine organ, and considers the effect of hormones on muscle tissue, as well as the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of sarcopenia in postmenopause (a decrease in the level of sex hormones, DHEA-C, STH, thyroid hormones, insulin resistance); lifestyle (physical activity and nutrition); chronic systemic inflammation; fetal programming; mitochondrial dysfunction; deficiency of micronutrients, including vitamin D and its impaired reception; and neurodegenerative changes in muscle tissue. It presents the clinical signs of sarcopenia, modern diagnostic criteria based on specially developed tests (SarQol, SARC-F) and measurements of muscle strength (with hand dynamometers) and mass (using densitometry and bioimpedance analysis). The review highlights approaches to treating sarcopenia. There is evidence for the importance of regular physical activity, protein nutrition, and micronutrient supplementation. It gives the results of studying the effect of DHEA-C, STH, and sex hormone therapy on muscle tissue, as well as the results of menopausal hormone therapy in early and late postmenopause. Conclusion. Thus, sarcopenia should be regarded as an attribute of postmenopause, which reduces quality of life and shortens its span. In this connection, there is a need for further investigations of the mechanisms of development of this disease, for the development and clinical introduction of therapeutic and diagnostic methods aimed at the prevention and therapy of sarcopenia in postmenopause. These programs can be really implemented within the interdisciplinary interaction of obstetricians/gynecologists, internists, endocrinologists, neurologists, and restorative medicine specialists. Besides maintaining the optimal protein metabolism and regular moderate physical exercise, it is necessary to assess the role of personalized menopausal hormone treatment to preserve proper muscle tissue metabolism and to prevent sarcopenia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлена дефиниция саркопении (2018), представляющая ее как «синдром, характеризующийся прогрессирующей и генерализованной потерей скелетной мышечной массы и силы»; изложены история вопроса, эпидемиология, этиология, даны понятия о миокинах и мышечной ткани как об эндокринном органе, рассмотрено влияние гормонов на мышечную ткань, а также основные патогенетические механизмы развития саркопении в постменопаузе - снижение уровня половых гормонов, дегидроэпиандростерона сульфата (ДГЭА-С), соматотропного гормона (СТГ), тиреоидных гормонов, инсулинорезистентность; образ жизни - физическая активность и питание; хроническое системное воспаление; фетальное программирование; митохондриальная дисфункция; дефицит микронутриентов, в т.ч. витамина D и нарушение рецепции к нему; нейродегенеративные изменения в мышечной ткани. Изложены клинические признаки саркопении, современные диагностические критерии на основе специально разработанных тестов (SarQol, SARC-F) и измерения мышечной силы (с использованием кистевых динамометров) и массы (с помощью денситометрии и биоимпедансного анализа). Освещены подходы к лечению саркопении. Обосновано значение регулярных физических нагрузок, белкового питания, дотации микронутриентов. Отражены результаты исследований, посвященных влиянию терапии ДГЭА-С, СТГ, половых гормонов на мышечную ткань, а также представлены результаты применения менопаузальной гормональной терапии в ранней и поздней постменопаузе. Заключение. Таким образом, саркопению следует рассматривать как атрибут постменопаузы, снижающий качество жизни и уменьшающий ее продолжительность. В связи с этим требуются дальнейшее изучение механизмов развития этого заболевания, разработка и внедрение в клиническую практику лечебно-диагностических методик, направленных на профилактику и терапию саркопении в постменопаузе. Реализация таких программ реально возможна в рамках междисциплинарного взаимодействия акушеров-гинекологов, терапевтов, эндокринологов, неврологов и специалистов восстановительной медицины. Помимо поддержания оптимального белкового обмена и регулярных умеренных физических упражнений, необходимо оценить роль персонифицированной менопаузальной гормональной терапии для сохранения адекватного метаболизма мышечной ткани и профилактики саркопении.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>muscle tissue</kwd><kwd>myokines</kwd><kwd>postmenopause</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd><kwd>estradiol</kwd><kwd>testosterone</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>мышечная ткань</kwd><kwd>миокины</kwd><kwd>постменопауза</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd><kwd>эстрадиол</kwd><kwd>тестостерон</kwd><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. World Population Ageing 2017 - Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/397). 2017. 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