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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">340798</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2023.42</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Guidelines for the Practitioner</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В помощь практическому врачу</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The characteristics of pharmacokinetics and the biological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности фармакокинетики и биологические эффекты агонистов гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-0468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukhliada</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рухляда</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>nickolasr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Birukova</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюкова</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Head of the Department of Gynecology No. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая отделением гинекологии №2</p></bio><email>79112252131@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Dzhanelidze Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Emergence Care</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/340798">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/340798</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>This paper presents a literature review of the physiological and pharmacokinetic features of used gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. It considers in detail the mechanism of action of drugs of this group at the level of receptors, as well as their mediated physiological effects. GnRH agonists initially stimulate and then inhibit sex hormone secretion by desensitizing pituitary GnRH receptors. There are examples of the clinical use of GnRH agonists. The latter are used to treat hormone-dependent diseases, such as endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, pubertas precox, breast cancer, as well as in assisted reproductive technology protocols. Decreased bone mineralization due to hypoestrogenism is known to be one of the extremely negative effects of long-term use of GnRH agonists. The article discusses the ways of reducing the frequency and severity of GnRH side effects, including add-back therapy or changing the regimen of prescribing GnRH agonists.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion:</italic></bold><italic> The introduction of GnRH agonists was another breakthrough in gynecological practice and made it possible to successfully overcome previously unsolvable problems, such as infertility, severe endometriosis. Further joint developments by physiologists, biochemists, and clinicians suggest the increase in the efficacy of drugs and the expansion of their therapeutic abilities while reducing the risks of their use.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>В данной статье представлен литературный обзор физиологических и фармакокинетических особенностей применяемых агонистов гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона (ГнРГ). В статье детально рассмотрены вопросы механизма действия препаратов данной группы на уровне рецепторов, а также физиологических эффектов, ими опосредованных. Агонисты ГнРГ первоначально стимулируют, а затем ингибируют секрецию половых гормонов путем подавления чувствительности рецепторов гипофиза к ГнРГ. Приведены примеры клинического использования агонистов ГнРГ. Агонисты ГнРГ используются в лечении гормонально-зависимых заболеваний, таких как эндометриоз, лейомиома матки, преждевременное половое созревание, рак молочной железы, а также в протоколах вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Известно, что одним из крайне негативных эффектов длительного использования агонистов ГнРГ является снижение минерализации костей вследствие гипоэстрогении. В статье рассматриваются пути снижения частоты и выраженности побочных эффектов ГнРГ, в том числе add-back терапии или изменения режима назначения агониcтов ГнРГ.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение: </italic></bold><italic>Внедрение агонистов ГнРГ стало очередным прорывом в гинекологической практике и позволило с успехом преодолевать ранее не решаемые проблемы, такие как бесплодие, тяжелые формы эндометриоза. Дальнейшие совместные разработки физиологов, биохимиков и клиницистов предполагают увеличение эффективности препаратов и расширение их терапевтических возможностей при снижении рисков их применения.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</kwd><kwd>GnRH agonists</kwd><kwd>GnRH receptors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормон</kwd><kwd>агонисты ГнРГ</kwd><kwd>рецепторы ГнРГ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Esencan E., Taylor H.S. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists revolutionizing gynecology. Obstet. Gynecol. 2022; 140(6): 917-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Knobil E. The neuroendocrine control of menstrual cycle. Recent. Prog. Horm. 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