<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">456477</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2023.1</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль динамической магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике пролапса тазовых органов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-4813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyadova</surname><given-names>Aida V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилядова</surname><given-names>Аида Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant at the Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery; obstetrician-gynecologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии; врач акушер-гинеколог отделения гинекологии</p></bio><email>benyagueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-3934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Антон Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Clinic of Gynecology, Reproductive and Aesthetic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., профессор академии военных наук, руководитель клиники гинекологии, репродуктивной и эстетической медицины</p></bio><email>ra2001_2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-6278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the RAS, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine; Director of the Institute of Cluster Oncology named after Prof. L.L. Levshin</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского; директор института кластерной онкологии им. проф. Л.Л. Левшина</p></bio><email>reshetoviv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3338-1113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>Anatoly I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Анатолий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.1; Director of the V.F. Snegirev Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии №1; директор клиники акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</p></bio><email>7205502@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-6295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apolikhina</surname><given-names>Inna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аполихина</surname><given-names>Инна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Aesthetic Gynecology and Development; Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Institute of Vocational Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая отделением эстетической гинекологии и реабилитации; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии ИПО</p></bio><email>i_apolikhina@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-3109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidova</surname><given-names>Aina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидова</surname><given-names>Айна Салавдиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, obstetrician-gynecologist of the Department of Aesthetic Gynecology and Fetus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог отделения эстетической гинекологии и реабилитации</p></bio><email>a_saidova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-0549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Puchkova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пучкова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, radiologist of the highest category</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-рентгенолог высшей категории</p></bio><email>milleyk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-2771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovichev</surname><given-names>Viktor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровичев</surname><given-names>Виктор Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Imaging Department, Center for Radiation Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующий отделением томографии, Центр лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>petrovi4ev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Radiation Therapy; Head of the Department of X-ray Diagnostics with MRI and CT Departments</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии; заведующая отделением рентгенодиагностики с кабинетами МРТ и КТ</p></bio><email>elena_mershina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4654-9405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzalieva</surname><given-names>Muminat F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузалиева</surname><given-names>Муминат Фаталиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Faculty of Medical Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка факультета лечебного дела</p></bio><email>ms.muminat@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский Университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center "Medical Rehabilitation Center", Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр»» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lapino Clinical Hospital of the "Mother and Child" Group of Companies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «Лапино» Группы Компаний «Мать и Дитя»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Research and Education Centre of Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский научно-образовательный центр МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/456477">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/456477</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the pelvic floor is a valuable tool for diagnosing pelvic organ prolapse. It provides a comprehensive assessment of all anatomical and functional characteristics of the pelvic walls and pelvic organs. Despite the advantages of dMRI, there remains much debate regarding its diagnostic accuracy and correlation with clinical findings. This review presents an analysis of the literature on the capabilities and limitations of dMRI in the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of this pathology were reviewed. Dynamic pelvic floor MRI provides a comprehensive assessment of the anatomical and functional characteristics of the pelvis, while being free of ionizing radiation. This method makes it possible to assess the evacuatory function of the visualized structures in dynamics. Simultaneous visualization of all three parts of the pelvic floor using dMRI enables the assessment of multicompartmental disorders, allowing surgical correction in approximately 67% of the cases. Image interpretation is discussed, beginning with viewing three orthogonal T2-weighted sequences acquired at rest to assess baseline anatomy and pelvic organ positioning. Dynamic images were then studied to assess the position of the pelvic organs in relation to the pelvic bones during different phases of straining and gel evacuation from the intestine and vagina.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion:</italic></bold><italic> dMRI is characterized by a high resolution and reproducibility. It allows the identification of the pathology of organs and supporting structures of all pelvic areas. dMRI is characterized by a high correlation between acquired findings and clinical data, which is important for patients with a complicated medical history or ambiguous clinical findings, as well as for multicompartment disorders.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Ценным инструментом диагностики пролапса тазовых органов является метод динамической магнитно-резонансной томографии (дМРТ) тазового дна, позволяющий выполнять всестороннюю оценку всех анатомических и функциональных характеристик стенок таза и тазовых органов. Несмотря на преимущества метода, в литературе продолжается обсуждение его диагностической точности, проводится поиск корреляций получаемых данных с результатами клинического обследования. В обзоре представлен анализ литературных данных о возможностях и ограничениях применения метода дМРТ при пролапсе тазовых органов. Рассмотрены этиология, патогенез, клинические проявления и диагностика этой патологии. Указано, что дМРТ малого таза позволяет всесторонне оценить анатомические и функциональные особенности таза, исключая воздействие на организм ионизирующего излучения. Метод позволяет оценивать состояние эвакуаторной функции визуализируемых структур в динамике. Одновременная визуализация всех трех отделов тазового дна с помощью дМРТ делает возможной оценку мультикомпартментных нарушений, позволяя корректировать хирургическое лечение примерно в 67% случаев. Рассмотрены возможности интерпретации изображений, которые начинаются с просмотра трех ортогональных T2-взвешенных последовательностей, полученных в состоянии покоя, для оценки базовой анатомии и положения органов малого таза. Затем изучают динамические изображения, оценивают положение тазовых органов относительно костей таза в разные фазы натуживания, а также во время эвакуации геля из кишки и влагалища.</italic></p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение:</italic></bold><italic> Для дМРТ характерно высокое разрешение получаемых изображений и воспроизводимость. Метод позволяет выявлять патологию органов и опорных структур всех отделов таза, характеризуется высокой корреляцией получаемых результатов с клиническими данными, что важно для пациентов со сложным анамнезом или в случаях сомнительных результатов обследования, а также при мультикомпартментных расстройствах.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pelvic organ prolapse</kwd><kwd>dynamic magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>diagnostic characteristics</kwd><kwd>T2-weighted sequences</kwd><kwd>multicompartmental disorders</kwd><kwd>genital prolapse</kwd><kwd>pelvic floor dysfunction</kwd><kwd>vaginal wall prolapse</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролапс тазовых органов</kwd><kwd>динамическая магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>диагностические характеристики</kwd><kwd>T2-взвешенные последовательности</kwd><kwd>мультикомпартментные расстройства</kwd><kwd>генитальный пролапс</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность мышц тазового дна</kwd><kwd>опущение стенок влагалища</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barinova E.K., Ordiyants I.M., Aryutin D.G., Ordiyants E.G., Zulumyan T.N., Damirova S.F., Dobrovolskaya D.A. Modern perspective on genital prolapse. Bulletin of Dagestan State Medical Academy. 2020; (3): 49-54. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринова Э.К., Ордиянц И.М., Арютин Д.Г., Ордиянц Е.Г., Зулумян Т.Н., Дамирова С.Ф., Добровольская Д.А. Современный взгляд на пролапс гениталий. Вестник Дагестанской государственной медицинской академии. 2020; 3: 49-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilina O.A., Volkov V.G. Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse among women of reproductive age. Journal of New Medical Technologies. 2022; 29(1): 29-33. (in Russian). https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/1609-2163-2022-1-29-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилина О.А., Волков В.Г. Распространенность пролапса тазовых органов среди женщин репродуктивного возраста. Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2022; 29(1): 29-33. https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/1609-2163-2022-1-29-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Yang J., He Y., Zhang X., Wang Z., Zuo X., Gao L., Hong L. Robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Transl. Med. 2021; 9(6): 449. https://dx.doi.org/1010.21037/atm-20-4347.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Belayneh T., Gebeyehu A., Adefris M., Rortveit G., Gjerde J.L., Ayele T.A. Pelvic organ prolapse surgery and health-related quality of life: a follow-up study. BMC Womens Health. 2021; 21(1): 4. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1186/ s12905-020-01146-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Donaldson K., Huntington A., De Vita R. Mechanics of uterosacral ligaments: current knowledge, existing gaps, and future directions. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2021 Mar 22. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1007/s10439-021-02755-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Wu J.M., Vaughan C.P., Goode P.S., Redden D.T., Burgio K.L., Richter H.E. et al. Prevalence and trends of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in U.S. women. Obstet. Gynecol. 2014; 123(1): 141-8. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1097/AOG.0000000000000057.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Weintraub A.Y., Glinter H., Marcus-Braun N. Narrative review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse. Int. Braz. J. Urol. 2020; 46(1): 5-14. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1590/ S1677-5538.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Abdulaziz M., Stothers L., Lazare D., Macnab A. An integrative review and severity classification of complications related to pessary use in the treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse. Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 2015; 9(5-6): E400-6. https://dx.doi.org/1010.5489/cuaj.2783.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Oh S., Choi S., Lee S.Y., Jeon M.J. Posterior repair versus no posterior repair for posterior vaginal wall prolapse resolved under simulated apical support at the time of native tissue apical suspension. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2021 Feb 26. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1007/s00192-021-04728-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhimova B.S., Kamilova M.Ya., Yunusova M.M., Saidova D.A. Value of comprehensive examination of women with pelvic organ prolapse. Mother and Child. 2019; (2): 52-6. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахимова Б.С., Камилова М.Я., Юнусова М.М., Саидова Д.А. Значение комплексного обследования женщин с пролапсом тазовых органов. Мать и дитя. 2019; 2: 52-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barinova M.N., Solopova A.E., Tupikina N.V., Kasyan G.R., Pushkar D.J. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for pelvic organ prolapse. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction. 2014; 8(1): 37-46. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринова М.Н., Солопова А.Е., Тупикина Н.В., Касян Г.Р., Пушкарь Д.Ю., Teрновой С.K. Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) при пролапсе тазовых органов. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2014; 8(1): 37-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailov A.N., Nechiporenko A.S. The role of radiation visualization in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence in women with genital prolapse. Journal of the Grodno State Medical University. 2019; 17(4): 395-401. (in Russian). https://dx.doi.org/1010.25298/ 2221-8785-2019-17-4-395-401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлов А.Н., Нечипоренко А.С. Роль лучевой визуализации в диагностике недержания мочи при напряжении у женщин с генитальным пролапсом. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. 2019; 17(4): 395-401. https://dx.doi.org/1010.25298/ 2221-8785-2019-17-4-395-401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Kikuchi J.Y., Muñiz K.S., Handa V.L. Surgical repair of the genital hiatus: a narrative review. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2021 Feb 19. https://dx.doi.org/1010.1007/s00192-021-04680-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Manzini C., van den Noort F., Grob A.T.M., Withagen M.I.J., van der Vaart C.H. The effect of pessary treatment on puborectalis muscle function. Int. Urogynecol. J. 202; 32(6): 1409-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00192-021-04766-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Conway C.K., White S.E., Russell R., Sentilles C., Clark-Patterson G.L., Miller K.S. et al. Pelvic organ prolapse: a review of in vitro testing of pelvic support mechanisms. Ochsner J. 2020; 20(4): 410-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.31486/toj.19.0089.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>DeLancey J.O. What's new in the functional anatomy of pelvic organ prolapse? Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2016; 28(5): 420-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Noé G.K. Genital prolapse surgery: what options do we have in the age of mesh issues? J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10(2): 267. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ jcm10020267.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Baah-Dwomoh A., McGuire J., Tan T., De Vita R. Mechanical properties of female reproductive organs and supporting connective tissues: a review of the current state of knowledge. Appl. Mech. Rev. 2016; 68(6): 060801.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Tan T., Cholewa N.M., Case S.W., De Vita R. Micro-structural and biaxial creep properties of the swine uterosacral-cardinal ligament complex. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2016; 44(11): 3225-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10439-016-1661-z.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Tadbiri H., Hand V.L. Association between pelvic floor disorders and hernias. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2021; 32(11): 3017-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04762-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Mou-Jong Sun., Yu-Li Chuang., Hui-Hsuan Lau., Tsia-Shu Lo., Tsung-Hsien Su. The efficacy and complications of using transvaginal mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse in Taiwan: a 10-year review. Taiwan J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021; 60(2): 187-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2021.01.031.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Lawrence J.M., Lukacz E.S., Nager C.W., Hsu J.W., Luber K.M. Prevalence and co-occurrence of pelvic floor disorders in community-dwelling women. Obstet. Gynecol. 2008; 111(3): 678-85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181660c1b.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Iglesia C.B., Smithling K.R. Pelvic organ prolapse. Am. Fam. Physician. 2017; 96(3): 179-85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang M., Liu S., Deng H., Liang X., Bo Z. The efficacy and safety of fast track surgery (FTS) in patients after hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2021; 16(1): 162. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ s13018-021-02277-w.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechiporenko A.S., Nechiporenko A.N., Mikhailov A.N. Static and dynamic pelvic MRI in women: Role in the diagnosis of genital prolapse. Innovative Technologies in Medicine. 2017; (4): 251-5. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечипоренко А.С., Нечипоренко А.Н., Михайлов А.Н. Статическая и динамическая МРТ таза у женщин: Роль в диагностике генитального пролапса. Инновационные технологии в медицине. 2017; 4: 251-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kamal E.M., Abdel Rahman F.M. Role of MR imaging in surgical planning and prediction of successful surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse. Middle East Fertil. Soc. J. 2013; 18(3): 196-201. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.mefs.2013.02.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta A., Pandya P., My-Linh Nguyen, Fashokun T., Macura1 K. Use of dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor in the assessment of anterior compartment disorders. Curr. Urol. Rep. 2018; 19(12): 112. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11934-018-0862-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Elshazly W.G., El Nekady Ael A., Hassan H. Role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in management of obstructed defecation case series. Int. J. Surg. 2010; 8(4): 274-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijsu.2010.02.008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>DeLancey J.O. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994; 170(6): 1713-20. discussion 1720-1713.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Khatri G., de Leon A.D., Lockhart M.E. MR imaging of the pelvic floor. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017; 25(3): 457-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Singh K., Reid W.M., Berger L.A. Assessment and grading of pelvic organ prolapse by use of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001; 185(1): 71-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2001.113876.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Shek K.L., Dietz H.P. Intrapartum risk factors for levator trauma. BJOG. 2010; 117(12): 1485-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471- 0528.2010.02704.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Lockhart M.E., Bates G.W., Morgan D.E., Beasley T.M., Richter H.E. Dynamic 3T pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging in women progressing from the nulligravid to the primiparous state. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2018; 29(5): 735-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-017-3462-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Morgan D.M., Larson K., Lewicky-Gaupp C., Fenner D.E., DeLancey J.O. Vaginal support as determined by levator ani defect status 6 weeks after primary surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2011; 114(2): 141-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.02.020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Clark N.A., Brincat C.A., Yousuf A.A., Delancey J.O. Levator defects affect perineal position independently of prolapse status. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010; 203(6): 595.e17-22. https://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/ j.ajog.2010.07.044.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Chamie L.P., Ribeiro D., Caiado A.H.M., Warmbrand G., Serafini P.C. Translabial US and dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor: normal anatomy and dysfunction. Radiographics. 2018; 38(1): 287-308. https://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.2018170055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Garcia del Salto L., de Miguel Criado J., Aguilera del Hoyo L.F., Gutierrez Velasco L., Fraga Rivas P., Manzano Paradela M. et al. MR imaging-based assessment of the female pelvic floor. Radiographics. 2014; 34(5): 1417-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg. 345140137.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Arif-Tiwari H., Twiss C.O., Lin F.C., Funk J.T., Vedantham S., Martin D.R., Kalb B.T. Improved detection of pelvic organ prolapse: comparative utility of defecography phase sequence to nondefecography valsalva maneuvers in dynamic pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging. Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol. 2019; 48(4): 342-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1067/ j.cpradiol.2018.08.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Bump R.C., Mattiasson A., Bo K., Brubaker L.P., DeLancey J.O., Klarskov P. et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996; 175(1): 10-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kobi M., Flusberg M., Paroder V., Chernyak V. Practical guide to dynamic pelvic floor MRI. J. Magn. Reson Imaging. 2018; 47(5): 1155-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25998.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Fauconnier A., Zareski E., Abichedid J., Bader G., Falissard B., Fritel X. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging for grading pelvic organ prolapse according to the International Continence Society classification: which line should be used? Neurourol. Urodyn. 2008; 27(3): 191-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ nau.20491.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Lienemann A., Sprenger D., Janssen U., Grosch E., Pellengahr C., Anthuber C. Assessment of pelvic organ descent by use of functional cine-MRI: which reference line should be used? Neurourol. Urodyn. 2004; 23(1): 33-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.10170.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Broekhuis S.R., Futterer J.J., Barentsz J.O., Vierhout M.E., Kluivers K.B. A systematic review of clinical studies on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic organ prolapse: the use of reference lines and anatomical landmarks. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor. Dysfunct. 2009; 20(6): 721-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0848-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Macura K.J., Thompson R.E., Bluemke D.A., Genadry R. Magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of stress urinary incontinence in women: parameters differentiating urethral hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency. World J. Radiol. 2015; 7(11): 394-404. https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v7.i11.394.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Kim J.K., Kim Y.J., Choo M.S., Cho K.S. The urethra and its supporting structures in women with stress urinary incontinence: MR imaging using an endovaginal coil. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 180(4): 1037-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.180.4.1801037.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Bitti G.T., Argiolas G.M., Ballicu N., Caddeo E., Cecconi M., Demurtas G. et al. Pelvic floor failure: MR imaging evaluation of anatomic and functional abnormalities. Radiographics. 2014; 34(2): 429-48. https://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.342125050.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Khatri G., Carmel M.E., Bailey A.A., Foreman M.R., Brewington C.C., Zimmern P.E. et al. Postoperative imaging after surgical repair for pelvic floor dysfunction. Radiographics. 2016; 36(4): 1233-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.2016150215.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Alt C.D., Benner L., Mokry T., Lenz F., Hallscheidt P., Sohn C. et al. Five-year outcome after pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: evaluation using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging compared to clinical examination and quality-of-life questionnaire. Acta Radiol. 2018; 59(10): 1264-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118756459.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta S., Sharma J.B., Hari S., Kumar S., Roy K.K., Singh N. Study of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2012; 286(4): 953-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00404-012-2381-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Ramage L., Georgiou P., Qiu S., McLean P., Khan N., Kontnvounisios C. et al. Can we correlate pelvic floor dysfunction severity on MR defecography with patient-reported symptom severity? Updates Surg. 2018; 70(4): 467-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13304-017-0506-0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Rosenkrantz A.B., Lewis M.T., Yalamanchili S., Lim R.P., Wong S., Bennett G.L. Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse detected at dynamic MRI in women without history of pelvic floor dysfunction: comparison of two reference lines. Clin. Radiol. 2014; 69(2): e71-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.crad.2013.09.015.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
