Obstetrics and GynecologyObstetrics and GynecologyАкушерство и гинекология0300-90922412-5679Bionika Media63161510.18565/aig.2023.275ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleRisk factors for uterine fibroidsФакторы риска развития миомы маткиhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0312-0829PonomarenkoMarina S.ПономаренкоМарина Сергеевна
Russian Federation

graduate student of the Department of Biomedical Disciplines

аспирант кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин Медицинского института

ponomarenkomc@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-6666ReshetnikovEvgeny A.РешетниковЕвгений Александрович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Bio), Professor of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines

д.б.н., профессор кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин Медицинского института

reshetnikov@bsu.edu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0166PonomarenkoIrina V.ПономаренкоИрина Васильевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines

д.м.н., профессор кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин Медицинского института

ponomarenko_i@bsu.edu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134ChurnosovMikhail I.ЧурносовМихаил Иванович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med), Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines

д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой медико-биологических дисциплин Медицинского института

churnosov@bsu.edu.ruBelgorod State National Research UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»04032024320270305202403052024Copyright ©; 2024, Bionika MediaCopyright ©; 2024, ООО «Бионика Медиа»2024Bionika MediaООО «Бионика Медиа»https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/631615

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women. Among other gynecological conditions, the prevalence of uterine fibroids is high, ranking second only to inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system. This disease has a significant impact on the female reproductive health, and it also decreases the quality of life. In addition, uterine fibroids have a negative economic effect on health systems around the world; this impact is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars annually. According to the literature, risk factors play an important role in the development of this disease.

The analysis of the literature data showed that the risk factors for uterine fibroids are numerous and may include heredity, vitamin D3 deficiency, race (African Americans), obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, early menarche, absence of childbirth in the patient’s history, alcohol, eating habits, stress, low physical activity.

Conclusion: Despite the large amount of evidence on the issue of risk factors for uterine fibroids available in the literature, not all the mechanisms underlying the relationship of certain risk factors with the disease are currently clear and therefore it is necessary to carry out further research on this issue.

Миома матки является наиболее распространенной доброкачественной опухолью у женщин. В структуре гинекологической заболеваемости миома матки занимает второе место по частоте встречаемости, уступая только воспалительным заболеваниям женской репродуктивной системы. Данное заболевание оказывает существенное влияние на репродуктивное здоровье женщины, а также снижает качество ее жизни. Кроме того, миома матки накладывает значительное экономическое бремя на системы здравоохранения по всему миру, которое ежегодно оценивается в сотни миллиардов долларов. В литературе имеются сведения о том, что в возникновении данного заболевания важная роль принадлежит факторам риска.

Проведенный анализ литературных данных позволяет заключить, что на риск возникновения миомы матки могут оказывать влияние большое количество факторов, в том числе наследственность, недостаток витамина D3, раса (афроамериканцы), ожирение, сахарный диабет, артериальная гипертензия, раннее менархе, отсутствие родов в анамнезе, алкоголь, особенности питания, стресс, низкая физическая активность.

Заключение: Обобщая представленный материал, следует отметить, что, несмотря на большое количество фактических данных по вопросу факторов риска миомы матки, имеющихся в литературе, не все механизмы, лежащие в основе связи тех или иных факторов риска с заболеванием, на настоящий момент времени понятны, и поэтому необходимы дальнейшие исследования по этой теме.

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