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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2025.228</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of extracellular vesicles from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in preparation for in vitro fertilization programs in patients with diminished ovarian reserve</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности использования внеклеточных везикул мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток в подготовке к программам экстракорпорального оплодотворения у пациенток со сниженным овариальным резервом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-4410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martirosyan</surname><given-names>Yana O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартиросян</surname><given-names>Яна Ованнесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher at the F. Paulsen Research and Educational Center for ART with the Clinical Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. НКО ВРТ с Ф. Паулсена</p></bio><email>marti-yana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukova</surname><given-names>Almina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюкова</surname><given-names>Альмина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Clinical Supervisor at the F. Paulsen Research and Educational Center for ART with the Clinical Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая по клинической работе НКО ВРТ им. Ф. Паулсена</p></bio><email>alma21@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0581-9755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silachev</surname><given-names>Denis N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силачев</surname><given-names>Денис Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Bio. Sci., Head of the Laboratory of Cell Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., заведующий лабораторией клеточных технологий</p></bio><email>d_silachev@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-3235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Константин Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Bio), Head of the Center for Personalized High-Tech Drugs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., заведующий центром персонализированных высокотехнологичных препаратов</p></bio><email>k_popov@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-1667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Institute of Reproductive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, д.м.н., директор института репродуктивной медицины</p></bio><email>t.nazarenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhikh</surname><given-names>Gennady T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухих</surname><given-names>Геннадий Тихонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the RAS, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, директор</p></bio><email>g_sukhikh@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/691945">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/691945</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective:</bold> To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intraovarian injection of extracellular vesicles isolated from placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold> This prospective randomized controlled trial (open-label design) included 100 women with a diminished ovarian reserve. Patients randomized to the study group (n=50) received intraovarian injections of extracellular vesicles before stimulation, whereas those in the control group (n=50) underwent standard stimulation. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes included the number of retrieved and mature oocytes, number of 2PN zygotes, blastocysts, blastulation rate, and live births.</p> <p>Results: The study group showed a statistically significant increase in the number of mature oocytes (4.1 (1.3) vs. 1.5 (1.0), p&lt;0.001), blastocysts (1.4 (0.6) vs. 0.8 (0.4), p&lt;0.001), and blastulation rate (58.2% vs. 31.1%, p=0.008). The clinical pregnancy rate was 24% in the study group compared to 6% in the control group (RR=4.0; 95% CI 1.2–13.3), and the live birth rate was 18% in the study group and 2% in the control group (RR=9.0; 95% CI 1.2–68.4).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Intraovarian administration of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with diminished ovarian reserve enhances ovarian response, embryo quality, clinical pregnancy rates, and live birth rates in IVF. This technique shows high potential but requires confirmation through larger studies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель: </bold>Оценить клиническую эффективность интраовариального введения внеклеточных везикул, выделенных из мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных клеток плаценты, у пациенток со сниженным овариальным резервом в рамках программ экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы: </bold>Проведено проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое испытание (открытый дизайн), включившее 100 женщин с признаками сниженного овариального резерва. Пациентки были рандомизированы в основную группу (n=50, интраовариальное введение внеклеточных везикул перед стимуляцией) и контрольную группу (n=50, стандартная стимуляция). Основным исходом являлась частота наступления клинической беременности; вторичными исходами – число полученных и зрелых ооцитов, количество зигот 2PN, бластоцист, частота бластуляции и живорождение.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>: В основной группе отмечено статистически значимое увеличение числа зрелых ооцитов (4,1 (1,3) против 1,5 (1,0), p&lt;0,001), числа бластоцист (1,4 (0,6) против 0,8 (0,4), p&lt;0,001) и частоты бластуляции (58,2% против 31,1%, p=0,008). Частота клинической беременности составила 24% в основной группе и 6% – в контрольной (ОР=4,0; 95% ДИ 1,2–13,3), а живорождения – 18% и 2% соответственно (ОР=9,0; 95% ДИ 1,2–68,4).</p> <p><bold>Заключение: </bold>Интраовариальное введение внеклеточных везикул мезенхимальных стромальных клеток у пациенток со сниженным овариальным резервом способствует улучшению овариального ответа, повышению качества эмбрионов и увеличению частоты клинической беременности и живорождения в программах ЭКО. Методика обладает высоким потенциалом, но требует подтверждения в более масштабных исследованиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diminished ovarian reserve</kwd><kwd>poor response</kwd><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>assisted reproductive technology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сниженный овариальный резерв</kwd><kwd>бедный ответ</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">R&amp;D 121040600410-7 Nazarenko T.A. Solving the problem of infertility in modern conditions by developing a clinical and diagnostic model of infertile marriage and using innovative technologies in assisted reproduction programs.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">НИР 121040600410-7 Назаренко Т.А. 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