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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696016</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2025.222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Omics data analysis using deep learning-based framework in differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Омиксный анализ с использованием глубокого обучения в дифференциальной диагностике новообразований яичников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-7635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iurova</surname><given-names>Mariia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, obstetrician-gynecologist, oncologist, Senior Researcher at the Scientific Polyclinic Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог, онколог, с.н.с. научно-поликлинического отделения</p></bio><email>hi5melisa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-9045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokareva</surname><given-names>Alisa O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарева</surname><given-names>Алиса Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physico-Mathematical Sciences), Specialist at the Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., специалист лаборатории клинической протеомики</p></bio><email>alisa.tokareva@phystech.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chagovets</surname><given-names>Vitaliy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаговец</surname><given-names>Виталий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physico-Mathematical Sciences), Head of the Laboratory of Metabolomics and Bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., заведующий лабораторией метаболомики и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>vvchagovets@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-5915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubtseva</surname><given-names>Natalia L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубцева</surname><given-names>Наталия Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Bio), Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией клинической протеомики</p></bio><email>n_starodubtseva@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frankevich</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франкевич</surname><given-names>Владимир Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Physico-Mathematical Sciences), Deputy Director of the Institute of Translational Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., заместитель директора института трансляционной медицины</p></bio><email>v_vfrankevich@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/696016">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/696016</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Relevance:</bold> The course of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors is considered to be highly aggressive. Limitations of diagnostic methods are associated with the late detection of tumors at stages III–IV, which is the cause with high mortality.</p> <p><bold>Objective: </bold>To compare the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) methods for minimally invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) using scalable, objective lipid biomarker profile data.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold> A single-center observational retrospective cohort clinical study included 239 patients with early-stage high-grade ovarian cancer (HGOC, n=10); with other tumor/proliferative processes (n=203, of which: including 30 cystadenomas, 59 endometrioid cysts, 21 teratomas, 28 borderline tumors; 16 – low-grade ovarian cancer (LSOC), HGOC of III-IV stages and control group women (n=26). Lipid extraction, analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and data preprocessing were performed. The SHAP method was used to interpret the predictions generated by building complex models. For multi-class classification, 7 ML methods were tested, including Naive Bayes classification, PLS discriminant analysis, Random Forest, External Gradient Boosting classification, Multilayer Percepton, and Convolutional Network. For binary classification, the following were additionally tested: support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting (Xgboos) classifications.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> In Stages I–II HGOC, a decrease in PC O-18:1/18:0, PE P-18:0/18:2, LPC O-16:0, PC 18:0_18:2, OxTG 16:0_18:1_16:1(CHO), OxPC 18:2_16:1(COOH), OxPC 20:4_14:0(COOH) and an increase in PC 16:0_18:0, PC P-18:1/20:4, PC 18:1_18:2, PC 16:0_18:0, PC 18:2_18:2 (compared to the control group) occurred, as well as a decrease in Cer-NS d18:1/22:0, PC P-16:0/18:1, PC P-18:1/20:4, PC P-18:0/18:1, oxidized lipids, carboxy- and carbohydroxy-derivatized and an increase in PC P-18:0/18:2, PC P-20:0/20:4 (compared to patients with OC). The best differentiation ability between the control group and the OC group was demonstrated by OPLS models, as well as random forest, and support vector machine with a radial kernel (90%).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The use of advanced ML methods strengthens the diagnostic potential of omics data and can be applied in gynecological oncology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность:</bold> Течение злокачественных эпителиальных опухолей яичников является высоко агрессивным; ограничения диагностических методов сопряжены с выявлением опухолей на III–IV стадиях, ассоциированных с высокой летальностью.</p> <p><bold>Цель: </bold>Сравнить эффективность методов машинного обучения (МО) для малоинвазивной диагностики ранней стадии рака яичников (РЯ) на основании использования масштабируемых, объективных данных о профиле липидных биомаркеров.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы: </bold>В одноцентровое обсервационное ретроспективное когортное клиническое исследование включено 239 пациенток: с ранней стадией РЯ высокой степени злокачественности (РЯ ВСЗ, high grade, n=10); с прочими опухолевыми/пролиферативными процессами (ОЯ, n=203, из них: у 30 – цистаденома, у 59 – эндометриоидная киста, у 21 – тератома, у 28 – пограничная опухоль; 16 пациенток с РЯ низкой степени злокачественности (РЯ НСЗ, low grade), у 49 пациенток – III–IV стадии РЯ ВСЗ) и женщины группы контроля (n=26). Произведено: экстракция липидов, анализ методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии, объединенной с масс-спектрометрией с ионизацией электрораспылением, и предобработка данных. Для интерпретации прогнозов, предложенных в процессе построения сложных моделей, использован метод SHAP. Для многоклассовой классификации протестировано 7 методов МО, включая следующие: наивная байесовская классификация, дискриминантный анализ PLS, «случайный лес», классификация внешнего градиентного усиления, многослойный перцептон и сверточная сеть. Для бинарной классификации дополнительно протестированы: классификации машины опорных векторов и экстремального градиентного усиления (Xgboos).</p> <p><bold>Результаты: </bold>При РЯ ВСЗ I–II стадий характерно снижение PC O-18:1/18:0, PE P-18:0/18:2, LPC O-16:0, PC 18:0_18:2, OxTG 16:0_18:1_16:1(CHO), OxPC 18:2_16:1(COOH), OxPC 20:4_14:0(COOH) и повышение PC 16:0_18:0, PC P-18:1/20:4, PC 18:1_18:2, PC 16:0_18:0, PC 18:2_18:2 (по сравнению с группой контроля), а также снижение Cer-NS d18:1/22:0, PC P-16:0/18:1, PC P-18:1/20:4, PC P-18:0/18:1, окисленных липидов, карбоокси- и карбогидрокси- дериватизированных и повышение PC P-18:0/18:2, PC P-20:0/20:4 (по сравнению с пациентами с ОЯ). Наилучшую дифференцирующую способность группы контроля и группы с ОЯ продемонстрировали модели на основе OPLS, «случайного леса» и машины опорных векторов с радиальным ядром (90%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение: </bold>Использование углубленных методов МО позволяет максимизировать диагностический потенциал омиксных данных и имеет прикладное значение в сфере онкологической гинекологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>lipidome</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>metabolome</kwd><kwd>ovarian tumor</kwd><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>липидом</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>метаболом</kwd><kwd>новообразования яичников</kwd><kwd>рак яичников</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) Grant by agreement dated December 29, 2023 No. 24-25-00407 on the "New approaches to the application of artificial intelligence for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors based on the features of the blood metabolome detected using physical methods".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Гранта РНФ по соглашению от 29.12.2023 № 24-25-00407 по теме «Новые подходы применения возможностей искусственного интеллекта к дифференциальной диагностике доброкачественных опухолей и злокачественных новообразований яичников на основании особенностей метаболома крови, определенных при помощи физических методов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Feng Y., Yang W., Zhu J., Wang S., Wu N., Zhao H. et al. 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