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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">716459</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2026.62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Latent and overt maternal risks and outcomes of insufficient fetal growth</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Латентные и явные материнские риски и исход недостаточного роста плода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziyadinov</surname><given-names>Arsen A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиядинов</surname><given-names>Арсен Аблямитович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 1, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Doctoral student at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the Course of Perinatology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии №1, врач акушер-гинеколог, докторант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>ars-en@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Vladislava A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Владислава Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the Course of Perinatology, Medical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>vladislavan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzinsky</surname><given-names>Victor E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзинский</surname><given-names>Виктор Евсеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the Course of Perinatology, Medical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>kafedra-aig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Перинатальный центр ГБУЗ Республики Крым «Республиканская клиническая больница имени Н.А. Семашко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.I. Georgievsky Medical Institute of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинский институт имени С.И. Георгиевского ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/716459">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/716459</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective.</bold> To investigate the associations between latent and overt maternal risk factors, timing of delivery, and the need for neonatal intensive care in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A prospective cohort study was conducted at N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital Perinatal Center from 2018 to 2023. The study included 611 women with insufficient fetal growth (IFG): 435 with FGR and 176 with SGA.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Maternal comorbidity associated with IFG was predominantly cardiometabolic in nature. However, in 45.5% of patients, the cause remained unclear (idiopathic), and occurred more frequently in FGR. Preeclampsia (PE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) were exclusive markers of FGR, whereas gestational and chronic arterial hypertension (GAH and CAH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were more characteristic of SGA. FGR was exclusively associated with emergency delivery for fetal indications in cases of severe PE, unknown causes of IFG, and GAH. Precipitous labor was an absolute marker of FGR, whereas dysfunctional labor was a characteristic of SGA. Delivery within the recommended optimal gestational interval was achieved in only 37.64% of patients with IFG, more frequently in SGA cases, and may have occurred before the third ultrasound screening. Prematurity was exclusive to the FGR group. Iatrogenic prematurity accounted for 86.49% of all preterm births and was primarily associated with PE and CAH. An unknown cause of IFG was associated with delivery outside the optimal gestational interval in 46.76% of patients with FGR; in 9.9% of these cases, delivery occurred before the recommended interval. Neonatal intensive care (IC) was required in 73.16% of newborns, and 20.95% of these infants required respiratory support (RS). The need for IC combined with RS was observed exclusively in the FGR group. SGA, as a constitutional fetal characteristic, did not preclude the need for IC in the absence of a RS. Delivery before 39 weeks in SGA was predictive of neonatal IC requirements, whereas delivery before 35 weeks in FGR predicted the need for IC combined with RS.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In addition to maternal cardiometabolic disorders, latent IFG-related risks may emerge in 45.5% of patients either before the third ultrasound screening or at term. This contributes to missed opportunities for delivery within the optimal gestational window, particularly in the case of FGR. Patients with IFG are at an increased risk of emergency delivery and prematurity (34.02%, including extreme prematurity), of which 86.49% is iatrogenic. SGA, often regarded as a constitutional fetal characteristic, may be associated with GAH, CAH, and GDM. Neonatal IC was required in 73.16% of cases, with 20.95% additionally requiring RS, exclusively among infants with FGR. Prematurity is unequivocally associated with the need for IC. Timely identification of chronic and gestational maternal cardiometabolic disorders may facilitate the early detection of FGR and SGA and help determine the optimal timing and location of delivery, thereby minimizing neonatal risks.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель. </bold>Выявить связь между латентными и явными материнскими факторами риска, сроком родоразрешения и потребностью в интенсивной терапии новорожденного при задержке роста плода (ЗРП) или малом для гестационного возраста плоде (МГВ).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В период 2018–2023 гг. выполнено проспективное когортное исследование. Основная клиническая база: перинатальный центр ГБУЗ Республики Крым «Республиканская клиническая больница им. Н.А. Семашко». Включено 611 женщин с недостаточным ростом плода (НРП): с ЗРП (n=435) и МГВ (n=176).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Материнская коморбидность, ассоциированная с НРП, имеет преимущественно кардиометаболический генез, но у 45,5% пациенток не ясна (идиопатическая), чаще при ЗРП. Преэклампсия (ПЭ) и сахарный диабет 1 типа (СД 1) эксклюзивные маркеры ЗРП; гестационная и хроническая артериальная гипертензия (ГАГ и ХАГ) и гестационный СД (ГСД) более характерны для МГВ.</p> <p>ЗРП эксклюзивно связана с экстренным родоразрешением по плодовым показаниям при тяжелой ПЭ, неизвестной причине, ГАГ. Стремительные роды – абсолютный маркер ЗРП, дискоординация родовой деятельности – МГВ.</p> <p>Родоразрешение в рекомендуемый оптимальный гестационный интервал соблюдается у 37,64% пациенток с НРП, чаще при МГВ, возможно ранее третьего ультразвукового скрининга. Недоношенность эксклюзивна для ЗРП. Частота ятрогенной недоношенности 86,49%, ее определяют ПЭ и ХАГ. Неизвестная причина НРП ассоциирована с родоразрешением 46,76% пациенток с ЗРП вне оптимального интервала, у 9,9% из них – опережая его.</p> <p>Интенсивная терапия (ИТ) требуется 73,16% новорожденным, 20,95% из них респираторная поддержка (РП). Потребность в ИТ новорожденного с РП исключительна для ЗРП. МГВ как конституциональная особенность плода не исключает потребность в ИТ без РП.</p> <p>Родоразрешение ранее 39 недель при МГВ прогнозируемо по ИТ новорожденного, а ранее 35 недель при ЗРП по ИТ+РП.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Латентные риски НРП, помимо материнских кардиометаболических, могут возникнуть у 45,5% пациенток как до срока третьего скрининга, так и в доношенном сроке, что ведет к упущению оптимального срока родоразрешения (чаще при ЗРП). Пациентки с НРП угрожаемы по экстренному родоразрешению, недоношенности (34,02%, включая экстремальную), 86,49% из которой ятрогенная. МГВ, позиционируемая как конституциональная особенность плода, не исключена при ГАГ, ХАГ и ГСД. Потребность в ИТ возникает у 73,16% новорожденных, у 20,95% из них с РП (исключительно при ЗРП). Недоношенность, безусловно, причастна к ИТ.</p> <p>Своевременная диагностика кардиометаболических материнских нарушений, хронических и гестационных, позволит вовремя выявить ЗРП и МГВ, определить срок и место оптимального родоразрешения для минимизации неонатальных рисков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>fetal growth restriction</kwd><kwd>small-for-gestational-age fetus</kwd><kwd>gestational age at delivery</kwd><kwd>latent risks of insufficient fetal growth</kwd><kwd>idiopathic cause of insufficient fetal growth</kwd><kwd>classification trees</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>малый для гестационного возраста плод</kwd><kwd>срок беременности при родоразрешении</kwd><kwd>латентные риски недостаточного роста плода</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая причина недостаточного роста плода</kwd><kwd>деревья классификации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. 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