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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство и гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0300-9092</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-5679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">716479</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/aig.2026.23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Small-for-gestational-age fetuses: a heterogeneous group requiring reassessment of clinical outcomes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Маловесный к гестационному возрасту плод: гетерогенная группа, требующая переоценки клинических исходов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-4703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidelnikova</surname><given-names>Maria D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидельникова</surname><given-names>Мария Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>obstetrician-gynecologist at the 1st Obstetric Physiological Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-акушер-гинеколог 1-го акушерского физиологического отделения</p></bio><email>m_sidelnikova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-5946</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5378-8437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kan</surname><given-names>Natalia E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кан</surname><given-names>Наталья Енкыновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director General for Research – Director of the Institute of Obstetrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, д.м.н., Заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, заместитель генерального директора по научной работе – директор института акушерства</p></bio><email>kan-med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-5099</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1963-1359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyutyunnik</surname><given-names>Victor L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тютюнник</surname><given-names>Виктор Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Dr. Med. Sci., Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Leading Researcher at the Center of Scientific and Clinical Researches</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, д.м.н., Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, в.н.с. центра научных и клинических исследований</p></bio><email>tioutiounnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-3403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher at the Institute of Obstetrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. института акушерства</p></bio><email>katerina.soldatova95@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8882-5603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domanskaya</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доманская</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><email>mdomanskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/716479">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0300-9092/article/view/716479</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective. </bold>To investigate the association between antenatal small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status and adverse perinatal outcomes in term neonates.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This retrospective cohort study included 200 pregnant women who delivered at the V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology (2020–2025). The study group (n=100) comprised women with singleton term pregnancies complicated by an SGA fetus, while the comparison group (n=100) included women with normally grown fetuses. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics, pregnancy and delivery outcomes, and early neonatal complications were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using JASP software (Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, univariable and multivariable logistic regression; p&lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> SGA status was significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. The incidence of the composite adverse outcome was significantly higher in the SGA group (24%) than in the control group (8%) (p=0.002). Neonates with SGA demonstrated a marked trend toward higher rates of cephalohematoma formation, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and infectious-inflammatory conditions. In the univariable logistic regression analysis, SGA increased the risk of adverse outcomes by 3.6-fold (odds ratio [OR]=3.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54–8.55; p=0.003). Multivariable analysis adjusted for maternal age confirmed that SGA remained an independent predictor of adverse outcomes (adjusted OR=3.62; 95% CI: 1.52–8.62; p=0.004).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> SGA is an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes and warrants reconsideration of traditional views regarding its clinical significance due to the heterogeneity of the population and challenges associated with its diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение взаимосвязи антенатальной маловесности с неблагоприятными перинатальными исходами у доношенных новорожденных.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Ретроспективное когортное исследование 200 беременных, родоразрешенных в ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. В.И. Кулакова» (2020–2025 гг.). Основная группа (n=100) включала пациенток с одноплодной доношенной беременностью и плодом с малой массой для гестационного срока; группа сравнения (n=100) – с нормовесным плодом. Оценены клинико-анамнестические данные, особенности беременности, родов и осложнения раннего неонатального периода. Статистическая обработка проводилась в JASP (t-критерий Стьюдента, критерий Манна–Уитни, хи-квадрат, точный критерий Фишера, простая и множественная логистическая регрессия (p&lt; 0,05)).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Маловесность для гестационного возраста (МГВ) статистически значимо ассоциирована с повышенным риском неблагоприятных перинатальных исходов. Частота наступления композитного неблагоприятного исхода была значимо выше в группе МГВ (24%) по сравнению с группой сравнения (8%) (p=0,002). У новорожденных с МГВ отмечалась выраженная тенденция к росту частоты формирования кефалогематом, поражений ЦНС и инфекционно-воспалительных процессов. В простой логистической регрессии МГВ увеличивал риск неблагоприятного исхода в 3,6 раза (ОШ=3,63; 95% ДИ: 1,54–8,55; p=0,003). Многомерный анализ с поправкой на возраст матери подтвердил, что МГВ остается независимым предиктором неблагоприятных исходов (скорректированное ОШ=3,62; 95% ДИ: 1,52–8,62; p=0,004).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>МГВ – это самостоятельный фактор риска неблагоприятных перинатальных исходов, требующий пересмотра традиционных взглядов из-за гетерогенности группы и трудностей при постановке диагноза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small-for-gestational-age fetus</kwd><kwd>fetal growth restriction</kwd><kwd>perinatal outcomes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>маловесный к гестационному возрасту плод</kwd><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>перинатальные исходы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Клинические рекомендации. 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