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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Water Resources</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Water Resources</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Водные ресурсы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0321-0596</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5154</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S0321059625060015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>Водные ресурсы и режим водных объектов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Typification of floodplain spawning grounds of the middle Ural River and the assessment of their flooding conditions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Типизация пойменных нерестилищ среднего течения реки Урал и оценка условий их обводнения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanin</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянин</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alabyan</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алабян</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>andrei_alabyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyrev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт водных проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова, географический факультет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd branch of VNIRO</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский филиал ВНИРО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zubov State Oceanographic Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный океанографический институт им. Н.Н. Зубова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 52, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 52, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-0596/article/view/699108">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-0596/article/view/699108</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Changes in the hydrological regime of the Ural River basin, associated with flow regulation and regional climate features, leads to the deterioration of many floodplain water bodies. Many oxbow depressions and lakes, which are habitats and spawning grounds for local fish species, lose their hydraulic connection with the main river channel, dry up and become overgrown with aquatic vegetation. The flooding duration for spawning grounds of various types largely determine the abundance and diversity of the local ichthyofauna in the floodplane lakes. Low spring floods in the period 2008–2023 became the main factor in the functional changes of floodplain water bodies, in which the frequency and duration of their connection with the main river channel decreased. Based on the data of ichthyological and hydrological field campaigns of 2022–2023, carried out in the valley of the middle reaches of the Ural River, including the lower section of the Sakmara River, the spawning grounds were classified based on their morphology and flooding conditions. The examination of the species and quantitative composition of fish in thirty floodplain water bodies made it possible to assess the influence of the frequency of their connection with the main river channel during spring floods on the total number of individuals and the species composition of fish. These indicators can be taken into account when planning hydraulic engineering measures for the aquatic environment rehabilitation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изменение гидрологического режима р. Урал, связанное с регулированием стока и особенностями регионального климата, ведет к деградации пойменных водоемов. Многие старичные понижения и озера, которые являются местами обитания и нерестилищами туводных видов рыб, теряют гидравлическую связь с основным руслом, заиливаются, высыхают и зарастают жесткой водной растительностью. Режим уровней воды и продолжительность обводнения нерестилищ различного типа во многом определяют видовой и количественный состав ихтиофауны водоемов поймы. Низкие (с максимальным расходом меньше 1000 м<sup>3</sup>/с) весенние половодья периода 2008–2023 гг. стали основным фактором функциональных изменений пойменных водоемов, при которых основным показателем их продуктивности можно считать частоту и продолжительность соединения с основным руслом реки, оцениваемых по сетевым гидрологическим измерениям, данным дистанционного зондирования и полевым наблюдениям. По материалам ихтиологических и гидрологических исследований 2022–2023 гг., в долине среднего течения р. Урал, а также нижнего течения р. Сакмары выполнены типизация нерестилищ по морфологии русла и поймы и предварительная оценка условий их обводнения. Изучение видового и количественного состава рыб в тридцати контрольных пойменных водоемах позволило оценить влияние их основных характеристик и частоты соединения с основным руслом реки во время весенних половодий на общее количество особей и видовой состав рыб, а также соотношение реофильных и озерных видов ихтиофауны. Эти показатели могут использоваться как интегральная характеристика пойменных водоемов и учитываться при планировании реабилитационных мероприятий в русле и на пойме реки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ural River</kwd><kwd>floodplain spawning grounds</kwd><kwd>fish juveniles</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>species composition, ichthyofauna</kwd><kwd>flooding conditions</kwd><kwd>remote sensing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>река Урал</kwd><kwd>пойменные нерестилища</kwd><kwd>молодь рыб</kwd><kwd>продуктивность</kwd><kwd>видовой состав ихтиофауны</kwd><kwd>условия обводнения</kwd><kwd>дистанционное зондирование</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Belikov V.V., Borisova N.M., Vasil'eva E.S., Plotko A.V., Fedorova T.A. Chislennaya gidrodinamicheskaya model' protyazhennogo uchastka r. 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