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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tractors and Agricultural Machinery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tractors and Agricultural Machinery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тракторы и сельхозмашины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0321-4443</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-425X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636524</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/0321-4443-636524</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LUIPNY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, designing, testing</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теория, конструирование, испытания</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Transient characteristics of a wheeled machine with a vibration-protective seat</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Переходные характеристики колёсной машины с виброзащитным сиденьем</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-7568</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2921-4760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytov</surname><given-names>Mikhail S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корытов</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), assistant professor, Professor of the Automotive Transportation Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры «Автомобильный транспорт»</p></bio><email>kms142@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-2271</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6171-2320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>Vitaly S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Виталий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), professor, Professor of the Automation and Power Engineering Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры «Автоматизация и энергетическое машиностроение»</p></bio><email>sherbakov_vs@sibadi.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-564X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8011-6829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashapova</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашапова</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer at the Automation and Power Engineering Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры «Автоматизация и энергетическое машиностроение»</p></bio><email>iriska-97-17-13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>92</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>363</fpage><lpage>372</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-26"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/636524">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/636524</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Shock and vibration loads caused by the microrelief of the supporting surface negatively affect both the health of operators of ground transportation and technological machines and the quality of work performed due to the deterioration of reactions and attentiveness. Vibration-protective seat systems are an effective means of mitigating dynamic effects on operators. Development of vibration-protective systems of operators’ seats is a relevant task.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Development of a mathematical model of a machine with a vibration-protective seat system, taking into account a given input force data and damping coefficients, which will make it possible to study the response of the system to a typical impact when the chassis wheels ride on a step. The model should determine the transient characteristics of a wheeled vehicle with a vibration-protective seat, have a high speed of calculation of the dynamic process, which will ensure simultaneous optimization of more parameters.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> To develop the model, flat design scheme of the front axle wheels riding on a step of a given height is considered. The vehicle rides on the step with the front axle only, the step height is small relatively to the wheelbase. The vertical oscillations of the center of mass were approximated by a linearized mass oscillation model with one translational degree of freedom. The differential equation of motion of the chassis mass is used to model the vertical coordinate of motion of the seat base. The assumptions of rigid fixation of the operator’s cabin on the chassis and smallness of the mass of the seat with the operator relative to the chassis mass are adopted. The calculation scheme for modeling vertical oscillations of the mass of the seat with the operator relative to the chassis is similar to the scheme of oscillations for the chassis relative to the ground. Two schemes are used simultaneously in one simulation model. Modeling of vertical oscillations of the chassis and the seat with the operator when the chassis wheels ride on a step is carried out using a simulation mathematical model in the SimInTech Russian simulation environment.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> As an example of the use of the developed simulation model, the results of modeling of a separate transient process of the machine front axle wheels riding on a step with a height of 0.1 m at a velocity of 1 m/s are given. he results are presented in the form of time dependencies of vertical coordinates of the support surface, base chassis, deformation of the vibration protection mechanism of the seat and corresponding time dependencies of absolute velocity and acceleration of the seat with the operator. The maximum value of the absolute acceleration of the seat with the operator was determined.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold>The simulation model of the riding on a step developed using the SimInTech Russian software takes into account elastic and viscous properties of tires, tire-and-step interaction geometry and nonlinearity of the force response of the vibration protection system. The model is able to simulate the transient process rapidly, which opens up the possibility of analyzing multiple variants and optimizing parameters.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Ударные и вибрационные нагрузки со стороны микрорельефа опорной поверхности, отрицательно влияют как на здоровье операторов наземных транспортно-технологических машин, так и на качество выполняемых работ из-за ухудшения реакций и внимательности. Эффективным средством смягчения динамических воздействий на операторов являются виброзащитные системы сидений. Разработка виброзащитных систем сидений операторов является актуальной задачей.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — разработка математической модели машины с виброзащитной системой сиденья, учитывающую заданную силовую характеристику и коэффициенты демпфирования, которая позволит изучить реакцию системы на типовое воздействие при наезде колёсами шасси на ступень. Модель должна определять переходные характеристики колёсной машины с виброзащитным сиденьем, обладать высокой скоростью расчёта динамического процесса, что позволит оптимизировать большее количество параметров одновременно.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Для разработки модели, рассматривается плоская расчётная схема наезда колёсами переднего моста на ступень заданной высоты. Машина наезжает на ступень только передним мостом, высота ступени мала относительно колёсной базы. Вертикальные колебания центра масс аппроксимированы линеаризованной моделью колебаний массы с поступательной степенью свободы. Для моделирования вертикального движения основания сиденья используется дифференциальное уравнение движения массы шасси. Приняты допущения о жёсткой закрепленности кабины оператора на шасси и малости массы сиденья с оператором относительно массы шасси. Расчётная схема для моделирования вертикальных колебаний массы сиденья с оператором относительно шасси, аналогична схеме колебаний для шасси относительно грунта. Две схемы используются одновременно в имитационной модели. Моделирование вертикальных колебаний шасси и сиденья при наезде колёсами шасси на ступень осуществляется с помощью имитационной математической модели в Российской среде моделирования SimInTech.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В качестве примера использования имитационной модели, приведены результаты моделирования переходного процесса наезда колёсами переднего моста на ступень высотой 0,1 м на скорости 1 м/с. Результаты представлены в виде временных зависимостей вертикальных координат опорной поверхности, базового шасси, деформации виброзащитного механизма сиденья и соответствующих им временных зависимостей абсолютных скорости и ускорения сиденья с оператором. Определено максимальное значение абсолютного ускорения сиденья с оператором.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработанная с использованием российского программного продукта SimInTech имитационная модель наезда на ступень учитывает упруго-вязкие свойства шин, геометрию взаимодействия колеса и ступени, и нелинейность силовой характеристики виброзащитной системы. Модель позволяет быстро моделировать переходный процесс, что открывает возможность анализа множества вариантов и оптимизации параметров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vibration protection</kwd><kwd>wheeled chassis</kwd><kwd>seat</kwd><kwd>step</kwd><kwd>model</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виброзащита</kwd><kwd>колёсное шасси</kwd><kwd>сиденье</kwd><kwd>ступень</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Berezin IY, Pronina YO, Bondar VN, et al. Experimental studies of characteristics of vibration protection elements for operator workplace of industrial tractor. Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. 2016;83(9):19–22. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-66196 (In Russ.) EDN: WHWYVX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Podrubalov VK, Podrubalov MV, Nikitenko AN. 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