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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Tractors and Agricultural Machinery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Tractors and Agricultural Machinery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тракторы и сельхозмашины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0321-4443</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-425X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">637497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/0321-4443-637497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WCJFJX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Environmentally friendly technologies and equipment</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экологически чистые технологии и оборудование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Problems of electric transport operation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблемы эксплуатации электротранспорта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-0829</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6807-8316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulchitskiy</surname><given-names>Alexey R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульчицкий</surname><given-names>Алексей Рэмович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), assistant professor, senior researcher, honored mechanical engineer of the Russian Federation, Certification specialist of the Design Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, заслуженный машиностроитель РФ, специалист по сертификации конструкторского подразделения</p></bio><email>ark6975@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kameshkovo Mechanical Plant</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Камешковский механический завод</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>92</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/637497">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/637497</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The growth of production of electric motor-driven vehicles is due to the aim to reduce air pollution in the areas of their operation. The aim of the review is to analyze the issues of the electric vehicles distribution due to the provision of charging infrastructure and the functional characteristics of the electric vehicles themselves.</p> <p>The issues of electric vehicle operation associated with the availability and design of electric charging stations and the type of traction batteries are considered. In addition, the data based on collecting and analyzing the characteristics of the stations in one of the regional centers of Russia and within a radius of 100 km from this center are given. The distribution of electric transport requires, firstly, the sufficient level of the charging infrastructure and its compliance with the design of the charging ports of electric vehicles. Secondly, reducing the charging time of traction batteries, which is still significantly longer than the time of refueling cars with traditional fuel. And thirdly, ensuring the possibility of not only urban and suburban, but also long-distance trips on one charge of traction batteries. Lithium-ion traction batteries are most commonly used in electric vehicles due to their high energy density. However, their disadvantage is that they are effective at an ambient temperature down to -7°C, which predetermines the mileage on one charge in winter by 20-30% less than in the warm season, due to both a decrease in battery capacity and the use of electricity to provide heating of the electric vehicle interior and power supply of various consumers. To analyze the spreading of stations, along with the criteria of “number of electric vehicles per stations” and “distance between neighboring stations”, the criterion of “number of charging stations per area unit of the region” is important. The value of this review lies in the assessment of the problems of operating electric vehicles, including providing specific data for one of the regions of Russia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рост производства транспортных средств с приводом от электромотора обусловлен стремлением уменьшить загрязнение атмосферы в местах их эксплуатации. Цель настоящего обзора — анализ проблем распространения электромобилей, обусловленных обеспеченностью зарядной инфраструктурой и функциональными характеристиками самих электромобилей. Рассмотрены проблемы эксплуатации электромобилей, связанные с наличием и конструкцией электрозарядных станций и типом тяговых батарей. Кроме того, приведены данные, полученные на основании сбора и анализа характеристик станций в одном из областных центров России и в радиусе 100 км от этого центра. Распространение электротранспорта требует, во–первых, достаточности заправочной инфраструктуры и её соответствия конструкции зарядных портов у электромобилей. Во-вторых, сокращения времени зарядки тяговых батарей, которое пока существенно больше времени заправки автомобилей традиционным топливом. И в-третьих, — обеспечения возможности не только городских и пригородных, но и дальних поездок на одной зарядке тяговых батарей. На электромобилях наиболее распространено применение литий-ионных тяговых батарей благодаря обеспечению ими высокой энергоёмкости. Но их недостаток в том, что они эффективны до температуры окружающей среды «минус» 7°С, не ниже, что предопределяет в зимнее время пробег на одной зарядке на 20–30% меньше, чем в тёплое время г., как за счёт снижения ёмкости батарей, так и вследствие использования электроэнергии для обеспечения подогрева салона. Для анализа распространённости станций, наряду с критериями «количество электромобилей на одну станцию» и «расстояние между соседними станциями» важным является критерий «количество зарядных станций на единицу площади региона». Ценность настоящего обзора заключается в оценке проблем эксплуатации электромобилей, в том числе с приведением конкретных данных по одному из регионов России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric vehicle</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>traction battery</kwd><kwd>charging port</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электромобиль</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>тяговая аккумуляторная батарея</kwd><kwd>зарядный порт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Top 10 countries by the presence of electric vehicles. Accessed: 27.09.2024. 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