Tractors and Agricultural Machinery
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443
<p>Academic research peer-review journal.<br><strong>Editor-in-Chief</strong>: Valery Kaminsky, Ph.D., Professor<br><strong>Indexing</strong>: SCOPUS, Russian Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Dimensions, Crossref.<br><strong>ISSN</strong>: 0321-4443 (Print)</p>
Eco-Vector
ru-RU
Tractors and Agricultural Machinery
0321-4443
<p>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <ol> <li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive license to first publication.</li> <li>Authors are able to distribute the manuscript and/or the article in accordance with Self-Archiving policy of the journal (<a href="/0321-4443/about/editorialPolicies#authorSelfArchivePolicy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see details</a>).</li> <li>The manuscript can be accepted for publication only by decision of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial board of the journal in accordance with the Manuscript stelection policy of the journal (<a href="/0321-4443/about/editorialPolicies#peerReviewProcess" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see details</a>).</li> <li>Published Article will be distributed in print and electronic version an will be available under subscription with Delayed Open Access or in Immediate Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.ru" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</a>). 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The parties recognize the legal force of notifications, messages, requests, etc., transmitted (sent) by the above methods.</li> <li>In the event of claims against the Publisher related to the violation of the exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights of third parties when creating an article or in connection with the execution of this Agreement by the Author, as well as in connection with the use of the Article by the Publisher in accordance with the Agreement, the author undertakes: <ul> <li>To immediately take measures to resolve disputes with third parties soon after receiving Publisher’s notification, and if necessary, enter into legal proceedings on the Publisher’s side and take all appropriate actions needed to exclude the Publisher from the list of defendants;</li> <li>To reimburse the publisher for the legal costs incurred and expenses and losses caused by the application of measures to secure the claim and execute a court decision, and the money paid to a third party for the violation of exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights, as well as other losses incurred by the Publisher in connection with the Author’s non-compliance with the guarantees provided by them under this Agreement.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>X. Legal address and details of the Publisher</strong></p> <ul> <li>Eco-Vector</li> <li>Address: 191186, St. Petersburg, Aptekarsky Pereulok, 3 letter A, room 1N</li> <li>TIN: 7806423692; KPP: 784101001; OGRN: 1099847039907.</li> </ul> </details></div>
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Development of the mobile air-auger device for grain drying, cleaning and cooling
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/568726
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Correct selection of a grain dryer and reasonable justification of the drying process parameters are necessary to ensure qualitative and safe drying of grain. Development of state-of-the-art designs of machines for drying and cleaning of grain is a relevant task.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong> Analysis of the process of drying and cleaning of grain and justification of the design of a device for drying, cooling and simultaneous cleaning of grain.</p> <p><strong><em>METHODS:</em></strong><em> </em>In order to study the process of drying and cleaning of grain, the literature sources were analyzed, patent search was carried out. To justify the design of the device for drying, cooling and simultaneous cleaning of grain, promising machines for post-harvest grain processing were studied.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Various methods of grain drying are considered and analyzed to determine their effectiveness and applicability. There is a risk of problems associated with improper drying of grain and negative consequences for the safety of grain and its further processing. The innovative design of the mobile air-auger dryer for grain is offered for timely and qualitative cleaning and drying of grain. This device cleans grain from light weeds by means of air flow and removes surface moisture from grain by blowing it with heated air flow. The design and principle of operation of the dryer are described in detail in the paper. The results of preliminary experiments confirming the operability of the dryer are given.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The use of mobile units for grain drying is a relevant trend in agriculture. The use of a dryer with the proposed design helps to carry out post-harvest processing of grain effectively. It is found that the one-pass moisture removal is 4...5 %. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the dryer for use in peasant-farming farms.</p>
Sergey D. Shepelev
Maksim V. Cheskidov
Grigory N. Chirkov
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
499
504
10.17816/0321-4443-568726
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Method of synthesis of patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive agricultural vehicles
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/568209
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> All-wheel drive trucks, capable of interacting with various machines and units, performing operations in off-road conditions and on public roads, are needed for the development of agriculture, which plays an important role in the country’s economy. The experience of their operation at agricultural enterprises shows that current power distribution systems in drivetrains does not consider the full range of factors affecting the motion of vehicles, which decreases the efficiency of their use.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong><em> </em>Development of the method of synthesis of patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive agricultural trucks.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Based on methods of system analysis, multiobjective optimization, regression and correlation analyses, the step-by-step method of synthesis of basic patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of an all-wheel drive car and their adaptation to real driving conditions is proposed. Fundamentals of the study are basic patterns of power distribution, adopted to operation conditions of a all-wheel drive truck.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The method of synthesis of power distribution patterns is considered step-by-step, based on multiobjective optimization. The design and operational factors that set the parameters of traffic on roads of all types and terrain have been established. The basic patterns of power distribution that ensure the efficiency, reliability and safety of a vehicle are revealed. Depending on the functions, all-wheel drive trucks are conditionally divided into 4 groups with their own indicators and performance criteria. Based on the conducted study, 4 optimization problems are formulated.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong><em> </em>The authors have developed the method for determining the patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive trucks and their adaptation to traffic conditions. The main stages of the method are: formulation of the optimization problem; computational procedure and determination of basic patterns of power distribution; adaptation of the basic patterns and evaluation of effectiveness of solutions. It is found that it is sufficient to use the differential equations of straight-line motion when simulating the motion of all-wheel drive trucks along the route.</p>
Andrey V. Keller
Andrey V. Popov
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
505
514
10.17816/0321-4443-568209
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The results of the operational test of a mock-up sample of the tool with an active drive of rotary working bodies with an assessment of agrotechnical indicators
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/568438
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Modernization aimed to improve the design and to increase the quality of operation of the ring-type working bodies, is possible with changing the design parameters such as the use of ellipsoidal cutting knives mounted on the hub by means of spokes. However, the principle of operation of these working bodies remains poorly understood and requires verification in the field conditions in order to study the qualitative performance indicators to improve surface tillage operations and, consequently, to increase the yield of grain crops further.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong><em> </em>Field testing of the developed mock-up sample of the tool in order to define the compliance of the obtained indicators with the agricultural requirements for pre-sowing and fallow treatment..</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The field study of the tool and the evaluation of the indicators were carried out in accordance with the GOST 20915-2011 and the ST RK 1559-2006 standards. During the study, the following requirements were met: the depth of soil treatment h = 5…6 cm, angle of attack β = 40°, λ = 0.9...0.96, υ = 9…10 km/h. Qualitative indicators of the tool operation were defined in accordance with the given regulatory documents.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> According to the results of the field study, it was found that after the passage of the unit, less than 98.18–98.26% of weeds remain on the field surface. At the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of wind erosion, about 64.45% of stubble is preserved on the field, while leveling the field surface – the crumbling index is 84.46–83.87% and the ridge of the field surface is 1.41–1.63 cm. The ridges at the bottom of formed furrows are no more than 1.6-1.81 cm. The content of erosion-hazardous particles during surface tillage operations decreased by 4.22–4.43% in comparison with the results before the field study.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong><em> </em>According to the obtained data of operation quality indicators, the use of tools with these working bodies can improve the quality of operation during pre-sowing and fallow treatments.</p>
Ruslan I. Kravchenko
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
515
522
10.17816/0321-4443-568438
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Development of optimization mathematical models for making compromise decisions on the efficiency of the fleet of agricultural moving power units
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/569403
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Structurization and selection of a compromise solution from a multiple number of contradictory criteria facilitates the decision-maker (DM) to determine the design characteristics and output impacts related to them at the design stage.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong> Determination of the most significant criteria for solving the optimization problem using the software and hardware system of multi-criteria optimization in terms of the efficiency of the MPU fleet for the selection of a compromise decision by the decision-maker.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The analysis is based on the collection of scientific papers, scientific articles and other information sources on R&D works on the creation of intelligent transport-technical units and on the improvement of methodology and software of multi-criteria optimization analysis of efficiency of the MPU fleet. In addition, methods of scientific generalization and statistical processing of available information and analytical materials from domestic and foreign sources were used.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> As a result of the analysis, the most preferable criteria of the MPU fleet optimization were chosen, the list of variable parameters for further solution of the optimization problem was formed.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong><em> </em>The practical value lies in determining the main criteria for optimization of the MPU fleet in order to perform subsequent optimization analysis.</p>
Valeria A. Zubina
Teymur Z. Godzhaev
Ivan S. Malakhov
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
523
529
10.17816/0321-4443-569403
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Control laws for individual traction electric drive of a front loader
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/569416
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The operation of technological machinery is associated with regular slipping of driving wheels, which can lead to increased tire wear and soil damage. This determines the relevance of works aimed at study and reduction of slip.</p> <p><em>AIM: </em>Analysis of the considered control strategies of individual traction electric drive of a front loader with regard to driving wheels slipping.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The paper considers three control strategies of individual traction electric drive of a front loader — initial, with equal utilization rates of electric motor-wheels (strategy 1), simulation of locked drive (strategy 2), and the proposed option of building traction control system (strategy 3). Using a simulation computer model of dynamics, the working process of the front loader was studied during earthmoving operations and when accelerating.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> It was obtained that the application of the strategy 2 during earthmoving helps to ensure almost the equal slip coefficient of the driving wheels, which potentially helps to reduce tire wear and fuel consumption (in comparison to the strategy 1). The application of the strategy 3 in such conditions turned out to be unsuitable, as the slip limitation in this case reduces the operation speed as well. The simulation of the front loader acceleration process showed some advantage of strategy 3 over the others in terms of energy consumed.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> According to the results of the study, it is reasonable to use the control strategy 2, which simulates a locked transmission, in case of performing heavy technological operations by a front loader such as earthmoving. In the case of the acceleration process, typical for transportation operations and driving on public roads, it is effective to use the strategy 3.</p>
Victor A. Gartfelder
Anton A. Stadukhin
Nikolay A. Mokretsov
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
531
541
10.17816/0321-4443-569416
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Vibration loading of booms ofaself-propelled sprayer with ultra-low pressure tires
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/567796
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The results of experimental studies of the vibration loading of booms of a self-propelled sprayer equipped with the Bel-79 1020x420-18 ultra-low pressure tires when driving through single artificial bumps are given in the paper. Based on the results of the tests, the dependences of maximal vertical accelerations of the booms suspension on motion velocity at various tire pressure and levels of filling the sprayer tank with process liquid were obtained. It has been found that with a decrease in level of filling of the tank with process liquid and an increase in motion velocity, the oscillations level of the sprayer booms increases proportionally relative to the full filling. When the self-propelled sprayer moves through artificial bumps with the booms opened in the operating position, located at a height of 700 mm above the ground surface, the oscillation amplitude at the ends of the booms did not exceed 80 mm in the entire velocity range from 3 m/s to 12 m/s.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong> Experimental evaluation of influence of operational parameters of a mobile power unit (MPU) equipped with ultra-low pressure tires on the vibration loading of sprayer booms.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong><em> </em>Methods of laboratory and field research on moving of a mobile power tool equipped with a boom sprayer through artificial bumps are given. The maximal vertical accelerations on the sprayer booms were determined using the ASSISTANT TOTAL instrument facility consisting of a measuring unit with a vibration analyzer and the AR38R vibration transducer.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong><em> </em>The dependences of the influence of air pressure in ultra-low pressure tires and motion velocity of the MES-600 on the oscillations level of the sprayer booms when moving through single artificial bumps are obtained. The minimal oscillations level on the booms at various tire pressure and various degrees of tank filling is reached at a velocity of the MPU of 9 m/s. The most vibration-loaded for sprayer booms mode is moving with empty tank.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong><em> </em>The minimal oscillations level of the sprayer booms takes place in the velocity range of 7.5–10.5 m/s. When tire pressure is reduced from 80 kPa to 20 kPa, the vibration loading of the booms is decreased by 2.8 times. An increase in vibration loading takes place in the range of filling level of the sprayer tank from 50% down to being empty. When moving along single bumps in the velocity range from 3 m/s to 12 m/s, the sprayer booms were stable in a horizontal position, any intense vibrations and resonant modes of boom sections were not observed</p>
Vladimir I. Pryadkin
Pavel A. Kolyadin
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
543
550
10.17816/0321-4443-567796
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Diagnostics of hydraulic cylinders of road building machines using hydraulic support
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/568992
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The efficiency of operation of hydroficated machines significantly depends on the availability of modern methods and means of diagnosing machines in general and hydraulic systems in particular. The parameters of hydraulic systems of technological machines that change during operation are evaluated by various diagnostic methods that have certain advantages and disadvantages. The choice of diagnostic methods significantly depends on the type, purpose and operating conditions of hydraulic systems, as well as on the equipment of operational units with diagnostic tools.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong> Development of a new method for diagnosing hydraulic cylinders. Application of a hardware diagnostic facility for testing a hydraulic cylinder. Analysis of time-domain graphs of pressure. Identification of main diagnostic indicator characterizing the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinder.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong><em> </em>The pressure, flow rate and temperature of the working fluid are currently used as diagnostic indicators of technical condition of hydraulic systems as a whole and their individual elements. Changes in these indicators makes it possible to judge the state of the hydraulic system of the construction machine. However, these indicators help to assess the current state and, as a rule, are not enough to assess the remaining service life of hydraulic system elements.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The technical state and remaining service life of hydraulic cylinders can be determined by comparing the angle of pressure increase of the reference hydraulic cylinder and of the tested hydraulic cylinder. With the hydraulic support in the drain line, the angle of pressure increase can serve as a diagnostic parameter when determining the technical state of the hydraulic cylinder, makes it possible to determine the change in its technical state.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The practical value of the study lies in the fact that with the help of a hardware diagnostic facility used together with the developed diagnostic method, it is possible to assess technical state of the hydraulic cylinder. The proposed method of assessing the technical state helps to evaluate the service life of hydraulic cylinders, both on the bench and during their operation. It helps to decrease the downtime of machines, as well as to decrease costs their maintenance and repair.</p>
Alexander P. Miller
Konstantin G. Pugin
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
551
559
10.17816/0321-4443-568992
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The procedure for improving the management of the maintenance and repair process using the neural network technology
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/546006
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Stable significant degree of wear of on-ground vehicles of transport industry and of agricultural machinery keeps improvement of maintenance management relevant. Development of the procedure for improving the maintenance process using state-of-the-art digital technologies is a relevant technical problem.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong> Determination of parameters for development of the procedure of making good managing decisions in the process of maintenance and repair of products in conditions of planned and preventive repair system using the neural network technology.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong><em> </em>Simulation of operation of the proposed neural network was performed in the Deductor software. The built model of the neural network contains one hidden layer with 10 neurons. A sigmoidal function was used as an activation function in neurons of the neural network model. Tools and definitions of mathematical statistics and algorithms theory were used for solving the given problems.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The cycle variation coefficient is proposed for revealing the necessity of managing impact on the processes of maintenance and repair of products. The proposed values of the coefficient describe stability of product maintenance and repair process. Using these values, the block diagram of the procedure of improving the maintenance process was developed.</p> <p>The tool of the industry 4.0 neural networks was considered. The performed simulation based on the example of vibrational diagnostics of a bearing unit showed that neural networks are capable of defining defects using amplitude-frequency response of a vibration signal that means to interpret the diagnostic information that can be crucial in conditions of expert absence.</p> <p>The scientific novelty of the study lies in presenting the values of the cycle variation coefficient for making managing decisions in maintenance and repair processes, as well as in obtaining the results of simulation of the neural network operation that confirms potential for their use for interpretation of diagnostic information which is presented in a form of various spectrographs.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The practical value of the study lies in the potential of using the proposed neural network for development of the system of diagnostic information analysis in condition of expert absence and using the proposed values of the cycle variation coefficient for decision-making in management of maintenance and repair.</p>
Anton V. Shimokhin
Oleg M. Kirasirov
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
561
573
10.17816/0321-4443-546006
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Study of water heating efficiency in cavitation mode at the initial stage of grain molasses preparation
https://journals.eco-vector.com/0321-4443/article/view/569016
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Grain molasses is a valuable source of digestible protein and feed sugar for farm animals. At the initial stage of production of this feed mixture, the existing devices and water heating schemes are not effective enough. Therefore, a new passive-type device for accelerated heating of water has been developed.</p> <p><strong>AIM:</strong><em> </em>Evaluation of efficiency of a cavitator for heating water at the grain molasses production plant.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong><em> </em>In order to conduct studies, a cavitator made in the form of a cone with vanes, the apex angle of which is 16°8ʹ, is installed in a glass pipe of the injection branch of the water circuit of the plant for the preparation of grain molasses. During the experiments, the vanes were installed in the pipe straight or bent by 15°. In laboratory conditions, a comparative experiment was carried out to heat water with a volume of 50 liters, starting from its temperature of 20°C and through each degree to 30°C, both with and without the cavitator. The process efficiency criteria were: time and specific energy consumption of water heating.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> As a result of the conducted studies, the values of the efficiency criteria for the water heating process with and without the cavitator are found. Linear dependence of water temperature on heating time is obtained. It has been shown that the created cavitation effect behind the base of the cone is not stable, but still more intense behind the cone with straight petals. It is noted that the coefficient of hydraulic resistance for the cavitator with vanes bent by 15 ° is 10% greater than with straight ones.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong><em> </em>Use of a cavitator when heating water at the initial stage of preparing grain molasses increases efficiency of the process by 20%.</p>
Vladimir N. Nechaev
Alexey V. Aleshkin
Peter A. Savinykh
Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector
2024-03-06
2024-03-06
90 6
575
583
10.17816/0321-4443-569016